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PSYCH 341 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

evolutionary theory

A

genes/replication, natural selection, fitness

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2
Q

Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness

A

cognition
sociality
mind as subsystems

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3
Q

mind as subsystems

A

triune brain, we don’t have to think about breathing, walking, etc.

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4
Q

EEA years

A

2 million - 10,000 BC (Pleistocene Era)

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5
Q

mating

A

importance: so your genes get passed on
male strategies: spread widely
female strategies: spread wisely

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6
Q

theories of evolution

A

atheistic evolution
creationism
intelligent design
theistic evolution

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7
Q

creationism

A

God created the earth in 6 days or 6,000 years

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8
Q

intelligent design

A

things couldn’t have evolved on their own, there has to be something behind it

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9
Q

theistic evolution

A

God created us and evolution and is still involved in evolution

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10
Q

epigenetics

A

our genes are expressed within an environmental context

there’s possibility for change

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11
Q

key epigenetic studies

A

Jirtle
Esteller
Meaney

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12
Q

Jirtle

A

mice and diet, Agouti gene, soy diet could reverse fat, yellow gene

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13
Q

Esteller

A

identical twins, older twins have more differences in their phenotype
lifestyle choices and environmental exposures change epigenome

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14
Q

Meaney

A

rat mothers and offspring
cross-fostering: switching children
adult health is more impacted by mother’s behavior—stress response, ability to cope, etc.

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15
Q

aggression (EEA)

A

social hierarchies

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16
Q

altruism (EEA)

A

to make sure your genes survive by taking care of people who are close to you, able to get along in groups, hoping for reciprocation of kindness

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17
Q

A attachment style

A

avoidant

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18
Q

B attachment style

A

secure

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19
Q

C attachment style

A

anxious

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20
Q

D attachment style

A

disorganized/distrustful

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21
Q

Why does attachment matter?

A

sets the tone for temperament

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22
Q

classical conditioning

A

stimulus and associations, pairing

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23
Q

operant conditioning

A

rewards and punishments

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24
Q

most addictive reward schedule

A

variable interval and variable ratio

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25
best way to treat phobias
exposure therapy
26
expectancies and values
Julian Rotter there are such things as classical operant conditioning, but it's not as simple as trying to condition a pigeon because we have different expectancies and values (what we think about things and how we value things is going to impact how we are conditioned by things)
27
observational learning
Bandura Bobo doll | people learn a lot by observing without conditioning
28
self-efficacy
sense of belief in self is related to success in life
29
microcontexts
room, setting, group, FHE example
30
macrocontexts
gender, race, socioeconomic status
31
low SES macrocontext
value obedience more, more worried about having a stable future and outcome
32
high SES macrocontext
more concerned about children having good experiences
33
modernity (culture)
closer to individualism, development of the self, enlightenment, moving away from Industrial Revolution, less collectivistic
34
The Hispanic Paradox
Hispanic immigrants are healthier than the average anglos even though they are low SES (they're more socially and spiritually oriented). As they acculturate over generations they are less healthy.
35
Theophrastus
first written trait taxonomies (half joking)
36
Eysenck
``` three key traits (introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism) RAS and arousal (central nervous system) underlie personality uncorrelated factors (so less factors) depressants/stimulants for introverts/extraverts ```
37
Cattell
factor analysis 16 personality factors correlated factors (so more factors)
38
Allport
first to argue for traits in 20th century importance of traits common trait personal disposition—cardinal disposition (one or two traits that describe you), central disposition (5-10 regularly occurring things), secondary disposition (less critical things)
39
Costa & McCrae
developed the NEO, contributed to 5 factors
40
Hogan
getting along and getting ahead (EEA stuff)
41
historical trait theories
body types, 4 humors, Theophrastus
42
5 factor models
Big 5 | circumplex: personality as agentic vs. communion
43
super factors
Digman factors socialization: agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism growth of self: extraversion, openness
44
construct validity
measuring what it says it's measuring
45
top trait measures
NEO (normal, everyday people) | MMPI (clinical setting)
46
first MMPI
created by observing the family members of psychotic patients
47
Cattell - data
L-data (life data) Q-data (questionnaire data) lab data: test data
48
Cluster A
odd/eccentric—schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid
49
Cluster B
emotionally unstable—histrionic, borderline, narcissistic, antisocial
50
Cluster C
anxiety—dependant, avoidant, OCPD
51
schizoid
disinterested in close relationships
52
schizotypal
more detached interpersonal style, more willing to interact with people, odd duck
53
paranoid
distrustful of others
54
histrionic
overly dramatic, want attention
55
narcissistic
overly strong opinion of yourself
56
borderline
like schizophrenics, but not quite | severe instability
57
antisocial
psychopathy/sociopathy, cruel, aggressive, criminal behavior
58
dependent
don't want to make decisions for yourself
59
avoidant
fears criticism, feels inadequate in social situations
60
OCPD
worse than OCD because you don't realize you have a problem, more moderate than OCD in symptoms
61
Walter Mischel
personality doesn't predict behavior aggregation is important interactionism: situation and personality interact to produce behavior
62
Epstein
aggregation across studies improves prediction
63
mechanistic interactionism
straight up, need to know both situation and traits
64
reciprocal interactionism
there is no objective playing field, it depends on the personalities
65
conditional interactionism
Mischel, if/then statements
66
personality disorders
lasting, not a short-term reaction, markedly deviates from a person's culture
67
reptilian brain
keeps you alive
68
limbic system
mammalian brain, emotions
69
neomammalian brain
thinking, planning

PSYCH 341 (3 decks)

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