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Biology of Aging > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

reasons for living longer

A 
nutrition
lifestyle
environmental factors
genetics
gender
healthcare changes
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2
Q

chronological age

A

measured in years

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3
Q

physiological age

A

measured in functional capacity (doesn’t coincide with chronological)

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4
Q

homeostasis

A

functional ability

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5
Q

aging

A

process of growing old

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6
Q

senescence

A

biological aging, change in biology

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7
Q

senility

A

physical/mental deterioration

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8
Q

gerontology

A

study of aging

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9
Q

geriatrics

A

healthcare delivery of elderly

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10
Q

congevity

A

duration of life, mean and max measures

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11
Q

3 biological components

A

aging change theory suggests most occur commonly in all members of species
must be progressive and more obvious over time
must produce changes that cause organ dysfunction, system failure

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12
Q

Wear & Tear Theory

A

aging is programmed process, animals and cells have certain amounts of energy, quicker the energy production = faster death, experimental evidence, no conclusions, colder/strict diet lives longer than warmer, well-fed

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13
Q

Garbage Theory

A

“garbage” molecules interfere w/ normal cell functioning, cause damage in cell components like proteins and nucleic acid, accumulation of inert and reactive substances interfere with free radicals, lipofuscin/histones

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14
Q

Gene Theory

A

Aging is programmed, but is due to one or more harmful genes, genes only become active later in life, human lifespan is inherited trait, little firm evidence to support

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15
Q

3 changes in cells w/ aging

A

some cells no longer function
get bigger, lose surface area
DNA and RNA become unrecognizable

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16
Q

cells

A

basic unit of life, new cells arise from preexisting cells, contains plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm

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17
Q

healthy cell

A

area to volume ratio, smaller cell, larger surface area to make room for nutrients

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18
Q

plasma membrane

A

surrounds, delineates cell, phospholipid bilayer, embedded w/ proteins, contains cholesterol for support, selectively permeable, does not mix with water

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19
Q

cytoplasm

A

semi-fluid inside cells, contains organelles

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20
Q

organelles

A

specific cell function

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21
Q

DNA

A

cell blueprint

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22
Q

mitochondrion

A

powerhouse of the cell

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23
Q

dermis

A

thick, inner layer of skin, dense fibrous connective tissue, contains elastic, collagen fibers, blood vessels and sensory receptors, glands

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24
Q

epidermal changes

A

thinner with age, scaling off of cells, decrease in number of cells capable of pigment, age spots

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25
fibroblasts
cells make fiber connective tissue
26
calcification
decreases resiliency
27
hypodermic changes
lose fat storage, bony look, loss of insulation, trouble keeping warm
28
lentigo
dark age spots on skin, senile freckles, increase of melanin, not malignant
29
senile purpura
irregular purple patches, bruises formed by blood leaking from weakened capillaries, trauma, fade over time, contusion, bruise-look
30
senile angiomas
elevated clusters of dilated capillaries appear as red spots, anywhere on body
31
acrochordon
small pendulous growths, SKIN TAGS, hormonal imbalance
32
senile pruritus
tiny cracks caused by dry skin, reduction of water content in skin, made worse by high temps and low humidity
33
senile keratosis
red areas become scaly, yellow or brown | middle aged men, fair skin combined with sun, can be cancerous
34
seborrheic keratosis
benign epidermal tumors, face, scalp, back, looks like wart, flesh-color
35
herpes zoster
viral disease, SHINGLES, virus from chicken pox, hurts
36
decubitus ulcers
BED SORES, pressure sores, bed-ridden elderly, wheelchair bound, deep ulcers can require surgery, lack of padding in skin
37
skin cancer
originate in dermis/epidermis, can be benign, become malignant, skin cancers are classified, long-term exposed
38
basal cell carcinoma
most common form of cancer, develops in basal layer (below dermis), exposure to sunlight, most common with head and neck, rarely metastasize
39
squamous cell carcinoma
less common than basal cell, usually malignant, dangerous, sunlight exposure
40
malignant melanoma
most dangerous, develops in pigment cells of moles, remove suspect moles
41
secondary skin cancer
originates somewhere else, detected in skin, spread occurs via blood/lymph tissue, people 50+
42
two types of skeletal tissue
bone | cartilage
43
major functions of skeletal system
``` supports body protects soft body parts produces blood cells stores minerals and fat allows for movement by attaching muscles ```
44
skeletal categories by shape
short flat irregular long
45
diaphysis
shaft of the bone made of compact bone and filled with yellow marrow
46
epiphysis
ends of the bone made mostly of spongy bone
47
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage found on the ends of long bones
48
yellow bone marrow
stores fat
49
red bone marrow
makes red blood cells, spongy & flat bones
50
periosteum
living, outer covering of fibrous connective tissue
51
ligaments
fibrous connective tissue that connects bones
52
compact bone
composed of osteons, contains living bone cells in chambers
53
spongy bone
plates w/ spaces filled with red bone marrow
54
osteoblasts
bone-forming cells
55
osteocytes
mature bone cells that maintain bone structure derived from osteoblasts
56
osteoclasts
bone-absorbing cells
57
chondrocytes
cartilage-forming cells
58
cartilage
flexible, connective tissue
59
types of cartilage
hyaline fibrocartilage elastic
60
hyaline
ends of long bones
61
fibrocartilage
disks between vertebrae in back, stronger than hyaline
62
elastic
ear flaps, more flexible
63
bursitis
fluid-filled sacs lined with synovial membrane, causes inflammation
64
arthritis
joint pain, first disease people think of for old people, changes in cartilage, swelling
65
types of arthritis
osteoarthritis rheumatoid gouty
66
osteoarthritis
most common, chronic, articular cartilage to generate DJD pain relief needed
67
rheumatoid
begins at any age, most sever, autoimmune disease, cells fight each other
68
gouty
excess uric acid buildup in blood, cuts apart joints, more common in men
69
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density | factors like low calcium intake, low vitamin D, no exercise, low estrogen

Biology of Aging (2 decks)

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