Exam 1 Flashcards
Historical Timeline: 1875
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) developed
Historical Timeline:
Mid-1940’s
unexplained multiple fractures & subdural hematoma
Historical Timeline:
1962
“The Battered-Child Syndrome” by Dr. C. Henry Kempe
Historical Timeline:
1972
the National Center for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect established
Historical Timeline:
1974
(CAPTA) Child Abuse Prevention andTreatment Act is passed
CAPTA defines child abuse and neglect as:
“Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent which results in
death
serious physical or emotional harm,
sexual abuse or exploitation”
or
“An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.”
Historical Timeline:
1963
First child abuse reporting law in California.
Only for physicians reporting evidence of physical abuse.
Historical Timeline:
1980
The Child Abuse & Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) is developed.
Expanded definition of abuse & who must report.
CARNA defines abuse and neglect as:
physical abuse,
sexual abuse (including both sexual assault and sexual exploitation),
willful cruelty or unjustified punishment,
unlawful corporal punishment or injury,
and neglect (including both acts and omissions).
Under current law, child abuse does NOT include
1) “A mutual affray between minors.”
2) “Reasonable and necessary force used by a peace officer acting within the course and scope of his or her employment as a peace officer.”
3) “An amount of force that is reasonable and necessary for a person employed by or engaged in a public school to quell a disturbance threatening physical injury to person or damage to property, for purposes of self-defense, or to obtain possession of weapons or other dangerous objects within the control of the pupil.”
4) “A child receiving treatment by spiritual means…or not receiving specified medical treatment for religious reasons, shall not for that reason alone be considered a neglected child. An informed and appropriate medical decision made by parent or guardian after consultation with a physician or physicians who have examined the minor does not constitute neglect.”
When do I report?
As a mandated reporter, all you need is a “reasonable suspicion” that abuse or neglect is occurring.
What is “reasonable suspicion?”
Reasonable suspicion means that it is “objectively reasonable for a person to entertain a suspicion, based upon facts that could cause a reasonable person in a like position, drawing, when appropriate, on his or her training and experience, to suspect child abuse or neglect”
Verbal disclosures of abuse should always be reported.
What happens if I am a mandated reporter & I have a reasonable suspicion of abuse or neglect and I don’t report?
A person who fails to make a required report is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in county jail and/or up to a $1000 fine
How trauma impacts a child’s brain:
100 billion ____?
neurons
How trauma impacts a child’s brain:
1,000 trillion ____?
synapses by 8 months
How trauma impacts a child’s brain:
% of core brain structures formed by age 3?
90%
How trauma impacts a child’s brain:
What is used is ____ & what isn’t is ____?
What is used is saved & what isn’t used is lost
• Experiences repeated over & over & over (i.e. - nurture)
How trauma impacts a child’s brain:
Our brain develops from the?
bottom up & inside out
How trauma impacts a child’s brain:
Changes in brain chemistry based on?
experiences
• Cortisol levels are increased when an overactive stress response occurs
3 parts of the brain:
Brain Stem
Limbic system
Cortex
Parts of the brain:
Brain Stem
Basic functions that __?
Regulates __?
• keeps us alive
• temperature, heart rate, respiration, blood
pressure
- The “reptilian” part of our brain – shared with lizards
- Fight, flight, or freeze: The brain stem reacts & bypasses rational thinking for the sake of survival
Parts of the brain:
Limbic system
__ responses that __?
Amygdala stores __?
Emotional responses that guide our behaviors
• Fear, hatred, love, joy
Amygdala store emotional memories through our senses
• Memories can be triggered by certain smells, sounds,
etc.
Mammalian” brain – we share this with other mammals including cats, dogs, elephants, dolphins, etc.
Parts of the brain:
Cortex
• Speech & language • Abstract thinking • Planning -Cause & Effect • Deliberate decision making • Unique to primates
“What fires together wires together”
Which experiences have greater impact?
Early experiences have a far greater impact than later ones
What is attachment?
Involves?
- Special enduring form of emotional relationship with a specific person
- Involves soothing, comfort, and pleasure
- Loss or threat of loss of the specific person evokes distress
- The child finds security and safety in the context of this relationship
Two main jobs of an attuned, securely attached caregiver
1) Increase pleasure
2) Decrease distress