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Organ Histology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of epithelium

A

Absorption
Barrier
Secretion
(ABS)

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2
Q

2 parts of basement membrane?

Partial basement membrane?

A

Basal Lamina - from epithelium
Reticular Lamina - from CT

Partial Basement Membrane - Only Basal Lamina

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3
Q

Epithelium is __________. Cells obtain nutrients by _________.

A

Epithelium is AVASCULAR. Cells obtain nutrients by DIFFUSION.

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4
Q

2 things epithelium gets from CT

A

Nutrients

Defensive cells

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5
Q

4 types of cell junctions. List first 3 from free edge - in.

A

Zonula Occludens
Zonula Adeherens
Macula Adeheren
Gap Junctions

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6
Q

Cell junction type associated w/:
Desmosomes -
Tight Junction -
Adhesion Belt -

A

Desmosomes - Macula Adherens
Tight Junction - Zonula Occludens
Adhesion Belt - Zonula Adherens

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7
Q

2 parts that connect epithelium to basement membrane and CT

A

Hemidesmosomes - basement membrane

Focal Point contacts - CT

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8
Q

Junction diseases:
_________ _________: autoimmune affecting hemidesmosomes
_________ _________: autoimmune affecting desmosomes
_________: bacterial infection of small intestine affecting zonula Occludens

A

Bullous Pemphigoid: autoimmune affecting hemidesmosomes
Pemphigus Vulgaris: autoimmune affecting desmosomes
Cholera: bacterial infection of small intestine affecting zonula Occludens

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9
Q

Respiratory epithelium cell types:
________ Cells - produce mucus
________ ________ Cells - move mucus
________ Cells - stem cell for the 2 cell types above

A

Respiratory epithelium cell types:
GOBLET Cells - produce mucus
CILIATED COLUMNAR Cells - move mucus
BASAL Cells - stem cell for this type of epithelium

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10
Q

Surface Specialization:
__________ - finger-like projections
__________ - extremely long microvilli
_________ - thin apical hair-like extensions
_________ - surface layer of glycoproteins

A 
Surface Specialization:
MICROVILLI - finger-like projections
STEREOCILIA - extremely long microvilli
CILIA - thin apical hair-like extensions
GLYCOCALYX - surface layer of glycoproteins
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11
Q

5 layers of epithelium

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
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12
Q

___________: Protect against UV radiation

A

Melanocytes

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13
Q

____________ Cells: Antigen presenting cell

Layer found in: Stratum _________

A

LANGERHANS Cells: Antigen presenting cell

Layer found in: Stratum SPINOSUM

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14
Q

________ Cells: provide touch receptors

Layer found in: Stratum ________

A

MERKEL Cells: provide touch receptors

Layer found in: Stratum BASALE

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15
Q

_________ cells decrease with repeated UV exposure

A

Langerhans

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16
Q

Patches which lack melanocytes

A

Vitiligo

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17
Q

Melanocytes become mitotically active and invade dermis

A

Malignant Melanoma

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18
Q

Type of secretion by which the product is released into a duct

A

Exocrine Secretion

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19
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = components directly involved with the primary function (Ex: \_\_\_\_)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = components providing mechanical/metabolic support (Ex: \_\_\_\_)
A 
PARENCHYMA = components directly involved with the primary function (ex: SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS)
STROMA = components providing mechanical/metabolic support (ex: CT, NERVES, LYMPHATICS)
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20
Q

Method of secretion which involves the entire cell becoming the secretory product

A

Holocrine

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21
Q

Method of secretion by exocytosis - no cell damage

A

Merocrine

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22
Q

Method of secretion where the product contains cytoplasm, membranes, and in-tact vacuoles

A

Apocrine

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23
Q 
Secretion Methods:
Lactating mammary glands - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Goblet cells - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Sebaceous glands in the skin - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Ceruminous glands in the ear - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Salivary glands - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
Secretion Methods:
Lactating mammary glands - APOCRINE
Goblet cells - MEROCRINE
Sebaceous glands in the skin - HOLOCRINE
Ceruminous glands in the ear - APOCRINE
Salivary glands - ECCRINE (MEROCRINE)
24
Q

Secreted Products:
_______: smallest division of a gland
_______ _______: small group of serous cells attached to a mucus acinus
_________ ______: contractile cells with epithelial origin

A

Secreted Products:
ACINUS: smallest division of a gland
SEROUS DEMILUNE: small group of serous cells attached to a mucus acinus
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS: contractile cells with epithelial origin

25
Q

Serous glands produce _______
Mucus glands produce _______
Mixed glands produce _______ and ______

A

Serous glands produce PROTEINS
Mucus glands produce MUCUS
Mixed glands produce PROTEINS and MUCUS

26
Q

________ Secretion: Type of secretion where product is released into nearby CT for vascular dispersal to target cells/organ.
Secretory product is commonly referred to as a ________

A

ENDOCRINE Secretion: Type of secretion where product is released into nearby CT for vascular dispersal to target cells/organ.
Secretory product is commonly referred to as a HORMONE

27
Q

Subtypes of Endocrine secretion:
________ Secretion: signaling cell is close to target cell so the hormone does not enter the blood
________ Secretion: signaling cell is its own target

A

Subtypes of Endocrine secretion:
PARACRINE Secretion: signaling cell is close to target cell so the hormone does not enter the blood
AUTOCRINE Secretion: signaling cell is its own target

28
Q

CT:
Most derived from ___________
Support cells produce, are separated by, and adhere to _______

A

CT:
Most derived from MESENCHYME
Support cells produce, are separated by, and adhere to MATRIX

29
Q

GAG’s are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic)

A

Hydrophilic

30
Q

Sulfated vs. Non-Sulfated GAG’s:
__________: Holds much water - allowing diffusion
__________: Covalently bonded to proteins

A

Non-Sulfated: holds water/allows diffusion

Sulfated: bonded to proteins

31
Q

(3) Positive aspects of inflammation

A

Increased Fluidity, Cell Movement, Defensive Cells

32
Q

Most common CT protein

A

Collagen

33
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome affects _________

A

Type I Collagen

34
Q

Affects of aging on CT fibers and production

A

Fiber production decreases

Fibers produced are weaker

35
Q

Vit. C necessary for proper ______-_______(bonding) with the collagen ___ fibers

A

Vit. C necessary for proper CROSS-LINKING(bonding) with the collagen I fibers

36
Q

Simplest fiber - _________
Fiber known for strength - ________
Fibers affected by age - _________ and _______

A

Simplest fiber - RETICULAR
Fiber known for strength - COLLAGEN I
Fibers affected by age - COLLAGEN I and ELASTIC

37
Q

Which fibers?
Marfan’s - _________
Scurvy - ________
Most numerous in lymph nodes - ________

A

Which fibers?
Marfan’s - ELASTIC
Scurvy - COLLAGEN I
Most numerous in lymph nodes - RETICULAR

38
Q

Reticular fibers are associated with which type of collagen?

A

Collagen III

39
Q

First fiber produced during wound healing

A

Reticular

40
Q

Fibroblasts are usually derived from _________

A

Mesenchymal Cells

41
Q

Structural functions of fibroblasts (2)

A

Produce and maintain matrix

Healing (scar formation)

42
Q

Defensive functions of fibroblasts (2)

A

Produce cytokines and enzymes

Phagocytize when necessary

43
Q

_________: mature, less active fibroblast

Function - __________ _______

A

Fibrocyte

Function - MAINTAIN MATRIX

44
Q

CT structural cell that is numerous when blood supply is limited

A

Fibrocyte

45
Q

CT cell that functions in epidermal scar shrinkage

A

Myofibroblasts

46
Q

CT cell that produces antibodies

A

Plasma cells

47
Q

CT cell type that stores lipids

A

Adipocyte

48
Q

Myofibroblasts primarily function during (2)

A

Wounds closure

Tooth eruption

49
Q

Adipocytes produce _________
Plasma cells produce _________
Macrophages are derived from _________

A

Adipocytes produce LEPTIN
Plasma cells produce IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Macrophages are derived from MONOCYTES

50
Q

Mast cells are derived from _______ _______ precursor

A

BONE MARROW precursor

51
Q 
Functions of mast cells: (mediate the following)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Immediate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ response
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

INFLAMMATION
Immediate HYPERSENSITIVITY response
ANAPHYLAXIS
ASTHMA

52
Q

“Off switch” for histamine

A

Heparin

53
Q

Mast Cells:
Primary mediator that attracts eosinophils - _______
Primary mediator that counteracts the affects of histamine - ________
Primary mediator that attracts neutrophils - _______

A

Mast Cells:
Primary mediator that attracts eosinophils - ECF
Primary mediator that counteracts the affects of histamine - HEPARIN
Primary mediator that attracts neutrophils - NCF

54
Q

Which mast cell mediated event is likely to involve great basophil stimulation?

A

Anaphylaxis

55
Q

CT location of mast cells (2)

A

Under epithelial

By small blood vessels

56
Q

What will leukotrienes do once release from mast cells?

A

Same as histamine (but stronger)

Organ Histology (1 decks)

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