Exam 1

Question 1

True or False

A side effect has to be negative

Answer 1

FALSE, it is any effect that is other than the therapeutic effect

Question 2

Agonists are

Answer 2

Drugs that produce an action

Ex. Morphine

Question 3

Antagonist are

Answer 3

Drugs that prohibit an effect

Ex. Beta blockers

Question 4

What is competitive antagonism

Answer 4

When both the agonist and antagonist drugs bind to the same receptor and are administered together

Question 5

What is the antagonists for drug overdose of heroin?

Answer 5

Naloxone

It reverses toxicity

Question 6

What determines the strength of a drug action

Answer 6

Dose and frequency

Question 7

What is the ceiling effect

Answer 7

Maximal response 100% is eventually reached of the drug response

Question 8

ED50 is

Answer 8

Dose necessary to produce half of the maximum response

USED TO COMPARE POTENCY OF DRUGS

Question 9

1906 Pure food and drug act

Answer 9

First attempt to protect consumers

Minimal standards of strength, purity, and quality

Made ppl label container if drug is dangerous

Made it officially USP/NF**

Question 10

1951 FD&C Durham Humphrey amendment

Answer 10

You need a prescription from a licensed practitioner

Question 11

1958 Food additive amendment

Answer 11

Approval of new food additives was required and safety determined before they could be marketed

Question 12

1960 thalidomide

Answer 12

Birth defects, was used as a sleep aid and to treat morning sickness

Question 13

1970 comprehensive drug abuse prevents and control act

Answer 13

Controlled substances act

Regulate the dispensing of drugs that could be used for abuse

5 different schedules

Question 14

Schedule 1 drugs

Answer 14

HIGH abuse potential, no accepted medical use

Ex. Heroin, LSD, marijuana

Question 15

Schedule 2 drugs

Answer 15

High abuse potential but accepted medical use

Question 16

What is an ex of a schedule 2 drug

Answer 16

Vicodin, cocaine, dilaudid, Demerol, oxycodone

Question 17

Schedule 3 drugs

Answer 17

Moderate abuse potential accepted medical use

Question 18

Ex of schedule 3 drugs

Answer 18

Tylenol with codeine, ketamine, steroids

Question 19

Schedule 4 drugs

Answer 19

Low abuse potential and medical use

Xanax, soma, Valium

Question 20

Schedule 5 drugs

Answer 20

Limited abuse potential

Ex. Robitussin AC, lomotil, motormen

Question 21

1994 dietary supps health education act

Answer 21

FDA is suppose to take action against unsafe dietary supps

Question 22

1996 food quality protection act

Answer 22

Pesticide tolerance levels

Question 23

FDA is responsible for

Answer 23

Food labeling, nutrition,supps, pharmaceuticals

Question 24

DEA does

Answer 24

Controlled substances only

Question 25

USDA is in charge of

Answer 25

Food distribution and school lunch program

Question 26

EPA is in charge of

Answer 26

Agricultural and industrial chemicals, water

Question 27

CPSC is in charge of

Answer 27

Recalls unsafe consumer products

Question 28

OSHA

Answer 28

Workplace chemical exposure

Question 29

What is LD50

Answer 29

Lethal dose 50 that will kill 50% of animals tested

Question 30

TI is

Answer 30

Therapeutic index, it is LD50/ED50

Question 31

NOAEL is

Answer 31

Highest dose without any adverse effect

Question 32

LOAEL is

Answer 32

Lowest dose found by experiment which produces adverse effect

Question 33

Pregnancy check slide

Answer 33

20

Question 34

Diethylstilbestrol had what effect Aka synthetic estrogen

Answer 34

Vaginal tumors and genital malformations in offspring

Question 35

Lithium causes

Answer 35

Cardiac defects

Question 36

Retinoic acid causes

Answer 36

Craniofacial, cardiac and CNS defects

Question 37

Detection of liver damage we use

Answer 37

AST and ALT if it is elevated Bilirubin elevated Albumin is decreased

Question 38

What in the bloodwork indicates kidney damage

Answer 38

BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen is increased

Question 39

What tests are used to detect lung damage

Answer 39

NO biochemical tests FEV: forced expiratory volume is a test used

Question 40

When is the fetus most susceptible to teratogenesis

Answer 40

Organogenesis during 18-55 days

Question 41

What is Clastogenesis

Answer 41

Chromosomal damage

Question 42

Aneugenesis is

Answer 42

Acquisition or loss of complete chromosomes

Question 43

Pharmaceutical phase is

Answer 43

Disintegration and dissolution of the dosage form. Affected by form of the drug and route of administration

Question 44

Pharmacokinetic phase is

Answer 44

What the body does to the drug ADME A. Absorption D. Distribution M. Metabolism E. Excretion

Question 45

Example of acid drugs

Answer 45

Aspirin, mostly unionized when in acidic fluid

Question 46

Example of basic drugs

Answer 46

Streptomycin or morphine. Mostly unionized when in alkaline fluid Small intestine

Question 47

In the GI tract how are drugs normally absorbed

Answer 47

Passive diffusion

Question 48

Drugs absorb in the lungs via

Answer 48

Passive diffusion

Question 49

What percent of oral meds reach the blood

Answer 49

20-40%

Question 50

What types of drugs can exert a pharmacological effect

Answer 50

ONLY UNBOUND (FREE)

Question 51

What do we need to metabolism

Answer 51

Cytochrome P450 Aka DMMS

Question 52

Lipid soluble drugs are repeatedly

Answer 52

Reabsorbed into the blood

Question 53

Most drugs are inactivated aka

Answer 53

Excreted

Question 54

A few drugs remain pharmacologically active metabolites aka

Answer 54

Return to circulation

Question 55

What is first pass metabolism

Answer 55

After oral administration drugs are absorbed into the portal circulation. Results in less bioavailability in general circulation

Question 56

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors due

Answer 56

Avoid high tyramine foods MAOIs

Question 57

St. John's Wort does

Answer 57

Increase CVP ezymes Do not take if on any type of meds or supps Avoid high tyramine foods

Question 58

Supplements that can interfere with CYP enzymes

Answer 58

Should not be give to patients may cause toxicity or life threatening reactions

Question 59

Statins can deplete what nutrient

Answer 59

CoQ10

Question 60

Bitter almonds can have high levels of

Answer 60

Cyanide

Question 61

Garlic can have high

Answer 61

Organophosphates, and arsenic