Exam 1 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
melody
A
an organized series of notes
2
Q
melody comes from
A
melos: greek word for music as performing art
3
Q
Aristoxenus
A
defined note, interval, scale
4
Q
note
A
sound and duration of a pitch, the written sign for such a sound in musical notation, key on piano or organ
5
Q
interval
A
difference/distance between two pitches
6
Q
scale
A
series of 3 or more different pitches in ascending or descending order | a selection of ordered pitches that provides the pitch material for music
7
Q
pythagoras
A
connection between musical proportion and heavenly bodies (cosmos, lit. “order”)•music can affect ethos, one’s way of being and behaving •the musical voices of the gods could be measured
8
Q
semitone
A
half step - smallest musical interval in western tonal music
9
Q
tone
A
whole step - interval equivalent to 2 half steps
10
Q
monophony
A
consisting of a single melodic line
11
Q
heterophony
A
instruments playing variation of melody
12
Q
polyphony
A
instrument playing independent part from main melody
13
Q
texture
A
the blend of various sounds and melodic lines occuring simultaneously in piece of music
14
Q
greek music played and heard
A
by ear
15
Q
epitaph of seikilos
A
listen
16
Q
rhythm
A
aspect of music having to do with duration of notes in time
17
Q
Mass for Christmas Day
A
listen
18
Q
Gradual: Viderunt omnes
A
listen
19
Q
hildegard von bingen
A
listen
20
Q
plainchant sequence
A
listen
21
Q
columbia aspexit
A
listen
22
Q
mode
A
one of the scales used by medieval theorists to classify the traditional Gregorian repertoire
23
Q
modality
A
musical system that adopts the ecclesiastic modes to compose and classify music
24
Q
neumatic notation
A
earliest system of musical notation prior to the invention of the five-staff notation
25
neumes
scribble like conventional signs indicating the general share but not the exact notes or rhythms to be sung
26
Diastematic notation
in later manuscripts, diastematic or heightened numes are drawn on one or more staff lines to indicate pitches precisely
27
liturgy
fixed set of ceremonies (texts, actions, music) that comprise a public and communal form of worship
28
mass proper
introit, gradual, alleluia, offertory, communion
29
mass ordinary
kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, agnus dei,, ite missa est
30
plainchant
liturgical, monophonic music, usually non-metric, aka gregorian chant, performed as part of liturgy, performed by men and women, divinely inspired, classified in modes
31
meter
any recurring pattern of strong (stressed) and weak (unstressed) beats
32
gradual
prayer in the mass PROPER, normally melismatic in style and sung in a responsorial manner, one or more soloists alternating w choir
33
trope
expansion of existing chant 3 ways (new text before or between phrases, melody only (expanding melismas), text set to existing melismas)
34
sequence
type of plainchant in Middle Ages in which successive phrases of text receive a nearly identical melodic treatment
35
liturgical dramas
dialogues and more elaborate plays in Latin performed in church w processions and stylized actions
36
Hildegard of Bingen
first composer whose biography is known, composed ordo virtutum the oldest surviving morality play
37
Vida de Bernart de Vantadorn
read
38
Bernart de Ventadorn "can vei la lauzeta mover"
listen
39
Raimbaut de Vacquerias "Kalenda Maya"
listen
40
divine office hours
official set of prayers marking/corresponding w the hours of each day
41
liturgy
fixed set of ceremonies that comprise a public and communal form of worship
42
mass
Roman Catholic liturgical service - 5 large sections (kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, agnus dei)
43
music in medieval society
not only religious, used to signal daily events, music and dance on important holidays, symbol of aristocracy
44
troubadours and trouveres
affiliated w court, nobles, emphasis on courtly love, different from jongleurs and minstrels, amateur not prof musicians, trouveres only men
45
troubadour
12th century, langue d'oc, south france, lives preserved in vidas and songs introduced by razos (background)
46
trouveres
13th century, langue d'oil, northern france - preserved songs in chansonniers
47
fin'amour
common theme of secular songs, refers to a noble, usually unrequited love between knight and his lady
48
Andreas Capellanus, De Amore
1. Marriage is no real excuse for not loving.6. Boys do not love until they arrive at the age of maturity.8. No one should be deprived of love without the very best of reasons.13. When made public love rarely endures.14. The easy attainment of love makes it of little value; difficulty of attainment makes it prized.20. A man in love is always apprehensive.30. A true lover is constantly and without intermission possessed by the thought of his beloved.
49
strophic form
troubadour song - a song in several stanzas with the same music sung for each stanza
50
formes fixes
poetic forms that affected all song settings of the 14th-15th centuries. Involved complex repetition patterns w a refrain and music in 2 main sections
51
Bernart de Ventadorn
troubadour, more works survive than any other troubadour
52
can vei la lauzeta mover
listen
53
medieval dances
accompanied by songs or instrumental music, usually performed from memory, only 50 tunes survive
54
medieval instruments
vielle, hurdy gurdy, natural trumpet, pipe and tabor
55
estampie
medieval dance and musical form popular in the middle ages - only medieval dance for which both descriptions and clear repertory survive
56
perotin viderunt omes
listen
57
Adam De La Halle: De ma dame vient
listen
58
vida
biographical song - 2 versions because of errors in transmission from memory
59
drone
harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout most or all of a piece
60
text setting
syllabic, neumatic, melismatic
61
organum
earliest genre of medieval polyphonic music - at least one voice is added to plainchant to enhance harmony
62
harmony
simultaneous sounding of different pitches, or chords
63
chord
grouping of pitches (at least 2) played and heard simultaneously
64
in Medieval paris government and religious life centered on _____
Ile de la cite - notre dame (completed in 1250) - seat of bishop
65
Clausula
section of polyphonic piece in discant style
66
Adam De La Halle
french trouvere, member of court, author of Jeu de Robin et Marion, earliest secular play w music
67
florid organum
long melisma per each syllable or original chant - early form polyphony, 2 voices
68
discant
section of text w more polyphony - still respects rules of harmony / liturgy
69
motet
result of troping clausulae
70
Ars antiqua
12th century- beginning 14th century) division of notes into 3 (holy trinity)
71
ars nova
14th century -
| division of notes into either 2 or 3
72
cadence
portion of music that gives conclusive feeling
73
Dufay "ave maris stella"
listen
74
Josquin "Pange lingua" Mass Kyrie and part of credo
listen
75
time signature
numbers on staff at beginning of a piece that indicate the meter
76
mensural signs
signs on piece of music, ancestor of time signature, indicates meter
77
measure
musical unit consisting of fixed number of beats in time
78
duple meter
each note divided into 2 beats, beats divide into 2 = simple
79
duple meter
each bar divided into 2 beats, beats divide into 2 = simple
80
triple meter
each bar is 3 beats - each beat divided in 2
81
complex duple
2 beats per bar, each beat divided in 3
82
complex triple
3 beats/bar and beats divide into 3
83
Renaissance
revival of ancient Greek and Roman culture - centered in Italy - new focus on human experience
84
a capella
performances for voices alone, uses consonant harmonies, rose in renaissance bc humanism
85
paraphrase
modification/decoration of a plainchant melody to create a more ornate/embellished song, adds rhythmic 'beat'
86
Guillaume Dufay
Born Belgium, worked papal choir in Italy, France, Switzerland, known for imitative polyphony
87
Ave maris stella
listen (even verses use paraphrase)
88
hymn
simple religious song in several stanzas, for a congregational church
89
homophony
musical texture that involves only one melody of real interest combined with other chords and subsidiary sounds
90
imitation
polyphonic musical texture in which various voices use approximately the same melody
91
Josquin Desprez
THE renaissance composer - spent much of career in Italy - known for imitative polyphony
92
Josquin Desprez, Pange lingua Mass
listen
93
point of imitation
a brief passage of imitative polyphony usually using a single melodic motive
94
motive
short fragment of melody or rhythm used in constructing a long section of music
