Exam 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Parenteral Anticoagulant: Heparin
MOA: binds to antithrombin 3, inactivating several clotting factors; prevents new clots and enlargement of existing
Indications: DVT, PE, unstable MI, CVA, procedural prophylaxis
Low Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH): Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
MOA: specific to factor X (binds to antithrombin 3), inhibits new clots and enlargement of existing
Indications: Prophylaxis of clots, DVT, PE, ACS
Oral Anticoagulant: Warfarin (Coumadin)
MOA: inhibits action of vitamin K, affecting 2, 7, 9, 10
Indications: long term prophylaxis of clots, prevention of emboli, prevention/treatment of venous clots
Antiplatelet Agent: Clopidogrel Bisulfate (Plavix)
MOA: prevents ADP binding platelet membrane, inhibiting platelet aggregation
Indications: prevent stroke or MI due to thrombi; prevent clotting due to stents or DVT hx
Salicylates: Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)
MOA: inhibit prostaglandins by inhibiting COX (non-selective)
Indications: inflammatory pain, antipyretic, prevent platelet aggregation (after MI, stroke, atrial fibrillation)
NSAID’s
MOA: inhibition of COX enzymes, inhibiting PG synthesis
Indications: inflammation (RA), fever, paint r/t inflammation, dysmenorrhea
Thrombolytic (specific to fibrin-bound plasminogen): Alteplase (Activase)
MOA: DNA engineered tissue plasminogen activator (TPA); converts plasminogen to plasmin, dissolving fibrin
Indications: acute MI, non-hemorrhagic stroke, massive PE, occluded saphenous grafts; topically for clotted CVC’s
Sodium Channel Blocker-Class 1a: Procainamide (procaine, procanbid. pronestsyl)
MOA: blocks sodium channels in myocardial cells, reducing automaticity and slowing conduction
Indications: acute/chronic atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias
Sodium Channel Blocker-Class 1b: Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
MOA: blocks sodium influx into neurons and myocardial channels
Indications: topical or spinal anesthesia, drug of choice for ventricular dysrhythmias
Beta Blockers (-olol)
MOA: blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors; (decrease renin)
Indications: HTN, dysrhythmias, angina, prevention of HF, (symptoms of hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, anxiety)
Beta Blocker: Propranolol (Inderal)
MOA: blocks epi, NE at beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, reducing HR, conduction, velocity; lowers BP
Indications: primarily SVT, or stress-induced, HTN, angina, prevention of MI, hyper metabolic states; glaucoma, migraines
Potassium Channel Blocker-Class 3: Dofetilide (Tikosyn); Ibutilide (Corvert)
MOA: block potassium channels, prolongs refractory period, slows repolarization
Indications: maintenance and stabilization of AF
Potassium Channel Blocker-Class 3: Amiodarone (Cordarone)
MOA: block potassium channels, prolongs refractory period, slows repolarization; also blocks sodium channels
Indications: resistant, life-threatening V tach; a fib
NS Calcium Channel Blocker: Verapamil (Calan); Diltiazem (Cardizem)
MOA: slows calcium ions in myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle; slows conduction velocity
Indications: HTN, angina, supra-ventricular dysrhythmias
Cardiac Glycoside: Digoxin (Lanoxin)
MOA: inhibits Na/K/ATPase (sodium accumulates, calcium released), (+ inotropy); increased vagal tone (-chronotropy/dromotropy)
Indications: advanced CHF, dysrhythmias (tachycardia)
Antidote to Digoxin Toxicity
- Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
- Immune globulin fragments bind to drug
- Discontinue drug until stable (1/2 life 1.5 days)
- Cardiac monitoring
- Give Mg++, K+
- Dysrhythmia medications (Phenytonin)
Nucleoside: Adenosine (Adenocard)
MOA: Hyperpolarizes K+ channels and suppresses Ca+ channels
Indications: PSVT
Alpha Blocker (-zosin)
MOA: block alpha receptors in arterioles and in neck of bladder/prostate
Indications: HTN (combined with others), BPH, PVD, frostbite
ACE Inhibitors (-pril)
MOA: blocks angiotensin 1 to 2; blocks aldosterone
Indications: HTN, heart failure
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (-sartan)
MOA: block receptors for angiotensin 2 in arteriolar smooth muscle and adrenal gland
Indications: HTN, heart failure
Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine)
MOA: blocks Ca++ channels in arterial smooth muscle, decreasing PVR
Indications: combined with other agents for HTN; angina, Raynaud’s syndrome (prevents vasoconstriction)
Alpha-2 Agonists: Clonidine (Catapres)
MOA: decreases sympathetic outflow of NE in CNS
Indications: HTN, withdrawal syndromes; migraines, menopausal symptoms; (cancer pain; withdrawal)
Organic Nitrate (Short-acting: Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat, Nitro-BID, Nitro-DUR)
MOA: relaxation of arterial (after load) and venous (preload) smooth muscle; dilates coronary arteries (vasospastic angina)
Indications: angina, CHF, CAD
Loop Diuretic: Furosemide (Lasix)
MOA: blocks Na+ Cl-/ water reabsorption in LOH
Indications: HTN, CHF, renal failure, edema, PE, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia
