Exam 1

Question 1

what are the limitations of the Articles of Confederation

Answer 1

13 independent states; no executive branch; no judiciary; central gov. had no real enforcement; Congress had no authority; 9/13 states needed to agree for new legislation to pass; consent of all 13 states was required to amend the Articles

Question 2

who were the federalists

Answer 2

supporters of the proposed new constitution

Question 3

who were the anti-federalists

Answer 3

critics of the constitution

Question 4

what year did the constitution come into effect

Answer 4

1788

Question 5

how many states passed the constitution

Answer 5

9

Question 6

what are the first two things congress passed

Answer 6

bill of rights and judiciary act of 1789

Question 7

what is the 10th amendment

Answer 7

the powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people

Question 8

what is federalism

Answer 8

a division of power/sovereignty between the central government and subnational governments

Question 9

what powers were grated to Congress

Answer 9

tax and spend; make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foreign powers

Question 10

what are police powers

Answer 10

the power reserved to the government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of citizens

Question 11

what is the supremacy clause

Answer 11

any law made by the federal government shall be the supreme law of the land

Question 12

what is dual federalism

Answer 12

the federal government and the state governments inhabit separate spheres

Question 13

what is cooperative federalism

Answer 13

federal government, states, localities share responsibilities

Question 14

what are the benefits of federalism

Answer 14

Works against concentration of power; states are the labs of democracy; states and localities are more responsive to local needs; allow for flexibility

Question 15

What evolved the constitution

Answer 15

The civil war amendments; emancipation; national citizenship/citizenship by birth; voting rights

Question 16

What is selective incorporation

Answer 16

The gradual process through which the liberties guaranteed in the Bill of Rights have been “incorporated” into the 14th Amendment

Question 17

What are grants-in-aid

Answer 17

Programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government

Question 18

In which case did they try to ban handguns in Chicago

Answer 18

McDonald vs. Chicago

Question 19

What came about in the New Deal

Answer 19

Emergency banking act; bank holiday; federal deposit; insurance corporation; glass-Stegall act

Question 20

What is the Glass Stegall act

Answer 20

Divorced commercial banking from investment banking

Question 21

What is the Agricultural Adjustment Act

Answer 21

Paid farmers to limit production so production that the prices of their commodities would rise

Question 22

What is the civilian conservation corps

Answer 22

Conservation projects for young men 18-25

Question 23

What is the Federal Emergency Relief Agency

Answer 23

Civil works administration; works progress administration

Question 24

What programs did the social security act create

Answer 24

Old age pensions; assistance for the indigent elderly, the blind, and the disabled; aid to families with dependent children; funding for local public health work

Question 25

What programs did the Great Society create

Answer 25

Medicare; Medicaid; elementary and secondary education act; civil rights act; voting rights

Question 26

What are parties

Answer 26

Coalitions of individuals/groups who seek to influence government by winning elections

Question 27

What are institutions

Answer 27

Institutions are stable, they are recognized as having value, and they help create recurring patterns of behavior

Question 28

How are institutions helpful

Answer 28

Both constrain and enable behavior by imposing form and consistency

Question 29

What are exogenous institutions

Answer 29

Institutions that originate outside of normal politics (federalism, congress, the presidency, the courts)

Question 30

What kind of institution are political parties

Answer 30

Endogenous

Question 31

What is Duverger's Law

Answer 31

Within the context of single member plurality voting, strong incentives exist to form two broadly based political parties

Question 32

What is Anthony Downs

Answer 32

Parties will seek to designate platform that reaches the "median voter"

Question 33

What is Larry Bartles

Answer 33

Partisanship shapes the way that we perceive reality -- our political beliefs are shaped more by our "tribal affiliations" than by rationality or reality

Question 34

What is party identification

Answer 34

Serve as the "standing decisions" for voters, and are not easily changed

Question 35

What makes a critical election

Answer 35

Durable new groupings of interests are created

Question 36

What is the Welfare State

Answer 36

A political system that accepts and embraces the idea that government has a role to play in helping to guarantee individual economic security

Question 37

What is the Rube Goldberg State

Answer 37

Complex mix of public and private action, as well as national and state action, that constitutes the American approach to social welfare

Question 38

What is social insurance

Answer 38

A contributory government-sponsored program that seeks to provide protection against risk

Question 39

What is means-tested programs

Answer 39

Provide cash or in-kind assistance to low income individuals and the basis of defined economic characteristics

Question 40

Which programs are directly delivered from the national government

Answer 40

Social security, Medicare, supplemental security income

Question 41

Which programs are federal-state cooperation (grants in aid)

Answer 41

Food stamps, unemployment, Medicaid, temporary assistance for needy families

Question 42

What are tax expenditures

Answer 42

Government spending through the tax code

Question 43

Who were the ripon republicans

Answer 43

The republicans that wanted to go back to their roots