exam 1

Question 1

The study of matter

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

The study of all matter

Answer 2

General Chemistry

Question 3

The study of matter based on carbon and hydrogen containing compounds

Answer 3

Organic Chemistry

Question 4

The study of matter important in living systems

Answer 4

Biochemistry

Question 5

Identity and amount of matter (what is made and how much of each component)

Answer 5

Composition

Question 6

How the parts are connected/joined

Answer 6

Structure

Question 7

Describe the material itself without causing changes in composition

Answer 7

Physical Properties

Question 8

Describes a material in terms of its reaction with other materials

Answer 8

Chemical Properties

Question 9

The simplest pure substance, cannot be separated into anything smaller and unique by either physical or chemical means

Answer 9

Element

Question 10

A pure substance, the different atoms have chemically joined to form this new material and have done so in a set ratio

Answer 10

Compound

Question 11

Not a pure substance, the matter in them is just physically jumbled together without bonding chemically into one new material, can have variable ratios and can be separated into the individual pure substances by physical means

Answer 11

Mixture

Question 12

Techniques which separate or breakdown a mixture into its components without resorting to chemical means or destroying the components of the mixture

Answer 12

Physical Means

Question 13

Techniques which change the chemical composition of compounds and can decompose compounds into their constituent elements or into simpler compounds

Answer 13

Chemical Means

Question 14

reactants–>products+heat

If the energy is released as heat, the container may feel warmer or fire may result

Answer 14

Exothermic Reactions

Question 15

reactants+heat–>heat
If the energy is absorbed as heat, the container and its contents will feel colder (this energy goes into storage within bonds)

Answer 15

Endothermic Reactions

Question 16

Energy sometimes necessary to get a reaction started, but not necessarily required from surroundings to continue

Answer 16

Activation Energy

Question 17

The fundamental smallest piece of matter that retains the unique properties of only that matter

Answer 17

Atom

Question 18

An atom that has developed charge (by losing or gaining electrons)

Answer 18

Ion

Question 19

A grouping of chemically bonded atom; neutral in charge overall

Answer 19

Molecule

Question 20

Two or more atoms of different elements bonded together with no overall charge

Answer 20

Molecule

Question 21

A charged group of bonded atoms

Answer 21

Polyatomic Ion

Question 22

Come as bonded pairs when free in nature (H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I)

Answer 22

Diatomic Elements

Question 23

Indicates the quantity of what precedes them

Answer 23

Subscripts

Question 24

Represents the number of complete units of what follows them

Answer 24

Coefficients

Question 25

Often indicates charge

Answer 25

Superscripts

Question 26

Columns, lots of similarities in properties

Answer 26

Group/Family

Question 27

Rows

Answer 27

Period

Question 28

First 2, last 6 columns

Answer 28

Main Group Elements

Question 29

Left/down of staircase | Solid at room temperature, luster, malleable and ductile, really high melting point, most conduct heat and electricity

Answer 29

Metals

Question 30

Up/right of staircase Usually gases or solids at room temperature, dull or chalky, brittle solids, much lower melting point, most are poor conductors

Answer 30

Nonmetals

Question 31

Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

Answer 31

Metalloids/Semimetals

Question 32

10 center columns

Answer 32

Transition Metals

Question 33

1st column

Answer 33

Alkali metals

Question 34

2nd column

Answer 34

Alkaline earth metals

Question 35

17th column

Answer 35

Halogens

Question 36

18th column

Answer 36

Noble gases

Question 37

m, km, cm, mm

Answer 37

Length

Question 38

g, kg, mg

Answer 38

Mass

Question 39

L, mL, cm^3(cc)

Answer 39

Volume

Question 40

about 68-72F, 22-25C

Answer 40

comfortable room temperature

Question 41

32F, 0C

Answer 41

freezing point of water

Question 42

212F, 100C

Answer 42

boiling point of water

Question 43

about 98-99F, 36-37C

Answer 43

normal human body temperature

Question 44

Not counted as sf, placeholders, only serve to locate a decimal, to show small magnitudes 0.00124, 0.5, 0.0346

Answer 44

Leading zeros

Question 45

Always counted as sf, part of the measurement or calculated value 105 in 120.41 cm 6.0304 cm

Answer 45

Captive Zeros

Question 46

Sometimes as sf, may only be locating a decimal point or may be the final estimated digit and significant - to the right of a decimal point>significant - at the end of a whole number>not significant

Answer 46

Trailing Zeros

Question 47

The answer must not contain any decimal places beyond the smallest place value common to all of the numbers

Answer 47

Addition & Subtraction

Question 48

The answer must not contain any sf than the least number of sf in the numbers used in the calculation

Answer 48

Multiplication & Division

Question 49

Mass per 1 unit of volume, mass/volume

Answer 49

Density

Question 50

Solids: g/cm^3 Liquids: g/mL Gases: g/L

Answer 50

Units for density

Question 51

Evidence of a chemical change?

Answer 51

1. Color changes 2. Fizz or bubbles of new gas 3. Precipitate forms 4. Energy absorbed or released

Question 52

Two or more reactants combine to form one main product

Answer 52

Combination

Question 53

A compound breaks down into two or more simpler compounds

Answer 53

Decomposition

Question 54

One element replaces another element within a compound

Answer 54

Single Replacement

Question 55

Two compounds react to produce two different compounds

Answer 55

Double Replacement

Question 56

A specific form of double replacement: | acid+base-->a salt+water

Answer 56

Neutralization

Question 57

A rapid chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen; burning in the presence of oxygen to give off heat, light, energy

Answer 57

Combustion

Question 58

A compound that has only carbon and hydrogen in it

Answer 58

Hydrocarbon

Question 59

A double replacement followed by a decomposition

Answer 59

Coupled Reaction

Question 60

Unique ID, same as protons, found on periodic table, identifies the element

Answer 60

Atomic Number

Question 61

#p+#n in a specific, individual species

Answer 61

Mass Number

Question 62

Atoms of the same element with different atomic masses due to different numbers of neutrons, chemical identity the same, mass slightly different

Answer 62

Isotopes

Question 63

Describes the atomic structure for a specific atom (or ion) by giving #p, #n (within the mass number) and charge (if an ion)

Answer 63

Isotopic Notation