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Psychology of Gender > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

Gender

A

refers to your personal sense of who you are

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2
Q

Sex

A

refers mainly to biology

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3
Q

Sexism

A

prejudice and discrimination based on a persons gender

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4
Q

What do humans do to gain influence and power?

A

note differences and put people into groups based on those differences

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5
Q

What is often the purpose of dividing people into in-groups and out-groups?

A

to empower those who emphasize differences between people

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6
Q

Gender studies have been an integral part of

A

the womens movement, and the effort to eliminate sex-based bias from society

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7
Q

Cisgender

A

individuals who identify as the gender they were assigned at birth

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8
Q

Gender is about

A 
a persons identity/sense of self
a persons sex
roles and behaviors
experiences
heritage
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9
Q

What is the Essentialist view of gender?

A

Gender is principally a matter of biology

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10
Q

What is the Social Constructivist view of gender?

A

Gender is learned

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11
Q

What is the Nature via Nurture view of Gender?

A

Both biology and culture interact to create gender identity

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12
Q

What is sex (biology)?

A

the exchange and recombining of genes from two individuals to produce offspring that differ from its parents

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13
Q

Why did we evolve with sexual reproduction?

A

it serves as a way to introduce genetic variety, which helps fight off parasites and disease

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14
Q

What is the “red queen hypothesis”?

A

We must constantly change our genetic variety in order to fend of attacks from parasites

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15
Q

Biodiversity

A

the existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time

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16
Q

Is evolution a perfection seeking process?

A

No

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17
Q

What is the difference between the sexes?

A

Females make big gametes (Eggs)

Males make small gametes (Sperm)

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18
Q

How many eggs does a woman have when she is born?

A

approximately 1 million

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19
Q

How many sperm are released during ejaculation?

A

about 300 million

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20
Q

How many eggs will a woman ovulate during her lifetime?

A

only 300 to 400

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21
Q

What is the First Nudge towards gender?

A

the recombination of parents chromosomes

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22
Q

What is the Second Nudge toward gender/?

A

the formation of gonads

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23
Q

What is formed from the gonads?

A

Testes in Males

Ovaries in Females

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24
Q

What is the Third Nudge?

A

The gonads develop into sex glands and hormones are released

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25
Genotype
the specific genetic characteristics of an organism (genetic makeup)
26
Phenotype
the specific expression of the genes of an organism in the environment (physical appearance)
27
What is the Fourth Nudge?
the development of the internal organs that characterize female and male anatomy
28
What are the internal female reproductive organs?
the ovaries the uterus the fallopian tubes the upper vagina
29
What are the internal male reproductive organs?
the testes seminal vesicle vas deferens prostate gland
30
What is the Fifth Nudge?
the formation of external female and male anatomy
31
What is the external female reproductive anatomy?
the clitoris the urethra the lower vagina the labia
32
What is the external male reproductive anatomy?
the penis | the scrotum
33
Turner Syndrome
One X chromosome | phenotypically female
34
Klinefelter's syndrome
XXY
35
de la Chapelle's syndrome
XX male phenotype sterile
36
Swyer's syndrome
XY female phenotype no secondary female sex characteristics
37
Mosaic Genes
the cells within the body have different genotypes, forming a mosaic of XX and XY genes
38
Chimera
two separate eggs form an individual in the womb | two sets of DNA
39
Congenital Andrenal Hyperplasia CAH
XX over-exposure to testosterone in the womb masculinization of female genitals
40
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome AIS
XY insensitive to male hormones perceived as female until puberty
41
What gods do the Hijra worship?
Bahuchara Mata Lord Shiva Aravan
42
What methods are included in research?
Quantitative and Qualitative
43
What is reification?
proving things, clear definition, turning abstractions into numbers
44
What are the different types of Qualitative Research Methods?
Case Studies Interviews Ethnography Focus Groups
45
What did Saint Thomas Aquinas accomplish?
he helped formalize the dualism between religion and science
46
What are the two main research mental models?
the inductive method | the hypothetico-deductive method
47
What is the inductive method
abstractions of observations
48
what is the hypothetico-deductive method?
notion of how things work
49
Empiricism
knowledge comes from sensory experience | research must involve interaction with the real world
50
What is the main problem with qualitative methods?
it is impossible to completely get rid of personal bias
51
How long ago did the first ancestors of human beings appear?
five million years ago
52
Hominization
the evolutionary process that results in the present human being
53
homo sapiens
the species of human beings that exist today
54
Why is it so hard to live in the post-modern world?
Human beings have not adapted to our new ways of life
55
The only thing that matters in evolution
the persistence of genes; survival
56
needs vs. wants
you are born with needs | you are taught wants
57
Natural Selection
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
58
Sexual Selection
Mate choice has been the primary mechanism of sexual selection in humans
59
Allegories
representations for natural phenomena
60
How did myths start?
myths began as the personification of inanimate objects and forces
61
What are the four basic functions of mythology?
the mystical function the cosmological function the sociological function the pedagogical function
62
What is the mystical function of myths?
express the awe and wonder of the universe
63
what is the cosmological function of myths?
explain the processes of nature
64
what is the sociological function of myths?
support and validate a certain social order
65
what is the pedagogical function of myths?
explain how to live a good, full life
66
How are myths like mirrors?
the reflect the concerns of the people of the society from which they originate
67
Sunday
Sun's day
68
Monday
Moon's day
69
Tuesday
named for Norse god Tyr
70
Wednesday
Germanic god Wodin and Norse god Odin
71
What is a psychopomp?
leader of souls | associated with poetry and musical inspiration
72
Thursday
Thor's day
73
Friday
Freya
74
Saturday
Roman God Saturn
75
From the psychoanalytic and cultural anthropological perspectives myths...
are thought of as a subjective counterpart to the objective scientific approach to understanding the universe
76
The role of males in the west was influenced by...
God the Father God the Son the Holy Spirit
77
The role of females in the west was influenced by...
Eve | Mary
78
What were the results of people moving to cities and developing governments?
power in the hands of few monotheistic religions individual rights became a central issue people needed rules
79
What is the biggest difference between modern humans and our hunter-gatherer ancestors?
the relationship we have with material things
80
What did ancient female children have to learn?
what plants to eat birth nurturing the young
81
What did ancient male children have to learn?
how to hunt | protect their in-group
82
What do we use today instead of mythology to understand behavior?
the behavioral sciences
83
Evolutionary psychology
gives us important insights to behavior
84
What is the symbol for woman?
the moon
85
From a biological point of view, a sexually mature female is a
woman not a girl
86
Peri-Menopause
the ovaries gradually begin to make less estrogen | lasts until menopause
87
Menopause
when the ovaries stop releasing eggs
88
Allomother
post-menopausal woman | high interest in young people
89
What is the image for males?
the sun
90
male vs. female maturity
females have clear biological events | males have rites of passage
91
Why does nature favor diversity?
it is out of variation that biological evolution springs
92
What has evolution predisposed women to want in a partner?
characteristics that contribute to the well-being of her and her offspring

Psychology of Gender (2 decks)

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