EXAM 1

Question 1

phytochemical found in food are important because

Answer 1

they decrease the risk of developing certain diseases when they are eaten

Question 2

an advertisement for a new performance enhancing supplement is on the internet. what can you assume about the advertisement for the supplement?

Answer 2

the information needs to be checked for scientific validity and accuracy

Question 3

which of the following is the dietary reference intakes represents the highest average daily intake level likely to post no risk of adverse health effects in most people and is used for safety limits

1. RDA
2. Daily Values
3. AI
4. UL

Answer 3

UL- tolerable upper intake level

Question 4

which nutrient provides the most energy (calories) per gram?

a. carbohydrate
b. fat
c. protein
d. vitamins

Answer 4

fat

Question 5

when determining the amounts of food to eat from each group in the USDA food guide each day, you need to remember that

Answer 5

the recommended amounts will vary depending on age physical activity and gender

Question 6

as food moves through the digestive tract is spends the most time in the

Answer 6

large intestine because of the need to partially digest fiber and absorb water

Question 7

what restores sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol

Answer 7

time

Question 8

esophagus

Answer 8

passes food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 9

bicarbonate

Answer 9

released by the pancreas to neutralize hydrochloric acid in the small intestine

Question 10

gallbladder

Answer 10

stores bile until needed and squirts bile into the small intestine when fat is present

Question 11

pancreas

Answer 11

manufactures digestive juices containing enzymes and releases them into the small intestine

Question 12

villi

Answer 12

finger like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area to maximize absorption

Question 13

bile

Answer 13

emulsifies fat in the small intestine for enzymatic digestion

Question 14

small intestine

Answer 14

digests the majority of CHO, protein, and fat, and absorbs nutrients

Question 15

stomach

Answer 15

adds hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and fluid. Grinds food into a liquid called chyme

Question 16

liver

Answer 16

all absorbed nutrients travel here before entering the bloodstream for delivery to the the body’s cells

Question 17

after being absorbed across the intestinal wall, large fat molecules travel to the liver via

Answer 17

lymph

Question 18

when fructose and glucose are bonded together they form

Answer 18

table sugar (sucrose)

Question 19

how many grams of fiber per day does the American dietician association suggest for adults

Answer 19

25-33grams per day

Question 20

glucose is stored in humans and animals as

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

over 75% of the world’s adults lose most of their ability to produce the enzyme ____ as they age causing intolerance to certain foods

Answer 21

lactase

Question 22

according to the DRI recommendations for macronutrients, people should obtain about ___ percent of their daily energy from carbohydrates

Answer 22

45-65%

Question 23

human digestive enzymes break down the bonds between the glucose molecules in starch but not in fiber

true or false

Answer 23

true

Question 24

the pancreas releases releases this hormone when blood sugar is low to cause the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the bloodstream

Answer 24

glucagon

Question 25

enriched flour contains all the same nutrients as whole wheat flour true or false

Answer 25

false

Question 26

all the following are primary functions of soluble fiber except: 1. lowers blood cholesterol 2. regulates blood sugar following a carbohydrate rich meal 3. adds bulk to promote healthy bowel function 4. reduces risk of chronic disease

Answer 26

adds bulk to promote healthy bowel function

Question 27

how would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole wheat bread

Answer 27

whole wheat bread is preferable because it contains several nutrients not added to enriched white bread whole wheat bread is higher in fiber content than white bread

Question 28

gluten

Answer 28

a small percentage of the population has celiac disease which makes them unable to eat gluten at all

Question 29

ketosis (a state in the body in which fat breakdown creates ketone-bodies ) occurs when

Answer 29

the diet does not have enough carbohydrates

Question 30

glycogen is stored in the body in

Answer 30

muscles and liver

Question 31

someone with normal blood glucose levels would have a fasting glucose level of

Answer 31

less than 100 mg/dL

Question 32

which type of lipid functions as an emulsifier

Answer 32

phospholipids

Question 33

according to the dietary reference intakes, people should obtain about ___ percent of their daily energy from dietary fat

Answer 33

20-35%

Question 34

the digestive chemical responsible for emulsifying fats to make them ready for enzymatic digestion is

Answer 34

bile

Question 35

trans fat

Answer 35

unsaturated plant oils that are processed to be saturated by adding hydrogen

Question 36

joe wants to decrease his blood LDL levels. what advice would you provide to him

Answer 36

decrease his intake of excess red meat, large amounts of saturated fat, sugar and processed carbohydrates increase his intake of soluble fiber

Question 37

at room temperature saturated fats are | solid or liquid

Answer 37

solid

Question 38

chylomicron

Answer 38

formed with phospholipids to carry triglycerides to the liver after digestion

Question 39

LDL & VLDL

Answer 39

transports triglycerides to the body's tissues

Question 40

HDL

Answer 40

scavenges cholesterol from tissues and carried is to the liver for disposal

Question 41

the best way to increase consumption of omega 3 fatty acids is to

Answer 41

choose fatty fish instead of beef at some meals

Question 42

you can reduce your risk for heart disease by eating more fats from

Answer 42

fatty fish

Question 43

who is at increased risk for mercury sensitivity caused by eating seafood with high levels of mercury such as swordfish

Answer 43

pregnant women

Question 44

countries that consume more seafood have less heart disease on average true or false

Answer 44

true

Question 45

consuming at minimum fatty fish meals a week will result in an improved balance between omega 3 and omega 6 intakes

Answer 45

2

Question 46

recent recommendations suggest that we consume monounsaturated fats in the place of saturated fat. which of the following items should you put on your sandwich to help achieve this goal? 1. mayo 2. American cheese 3. avocado 4. tuna

Answer 46

avocado

Question 47

of the 20 different amino acids, ___ are essential

Answer 47

9

Question 48

chemical digestion of protein begins in the

Answer 48

stomach

Question 49

which is not a function of protein? 1. forms enzymes and hormones 2. forms antibodies 3. transports fat in the body 4. is the primary energy source for the brain 5. forms blood clots to prevent death from bleeding

Answer 49

is the primary energy source for the brain

Question 50

the RDA minimum for protein for an average adult is

Answer 50

0.8 g protein per Kg body weight per day

Question 51

athletes typically require more protein than the RDA for average adults true or false

Answer 51

true

Question 52

high quality proteins

Answer 52

contain adequate amounts of essential amino acids

Question 53

food from which group does not contain any protein

Answer 53

fruit

Question 54

examples of complementary protein combinations that provide all the essential amino acids (metal supplementation) include all of the following except 1. peanut butter and banana 2. rice and beans 3. oatmeal with almonds 4. peanut butter on whole wheat bread

Answer 54

peanut butter and banana

Question 55

which is not a problem associated with excessive intake of protein 1. increased risk of heart disease from saturated fat found in animal protein sources 2. increased risk of diabetes from excess nitrogen found in protein 3. increased risk of cancer from excess fatty red meat and processed meat intake

Answer 55

increased risk of diabetes from excess nitrogen found in protein

Question 56

you eat a beef rib eye steak. you are getting protein and also a large percentage of

Answer 56

fat

Question 57

protein recommendations for athletes range from

Answer 57

1.2-2.0g/kg BW

Question 58

all of the following changes can help joe lower his LDL cholesterol except: 1. eating more soluble fiber 2. eating less saturated fat 3. eat less salt 4. eat more fruits and vegetables

Answer 58

eat less salt

Question 59

what food should Joe eat more of to get protein and help lower his cholesterol

Answer 59

beans

Question 60

how much fiber does joe need each day

Answer 60

33-35g

Question 61

triglyceride

Answer 61

the major form of lipid found in the body

Question 62

phospholipids

Answer 62

acts as an emulsifier and plays a key roll in cell membranes

Question 63

sterol

Answer 63

are ring shaped and serve as the raw material for bile

Question 64

After digestion, larger fat molecules are transported via the bloodstream to the Liver True False

Answer 64

false

Question 65

``` Fat is mostly digested in the: Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Liver ```

Answer 65

small intestine

Question 66

Which lipoprotein is beneficial to heart health in the body? VLDL (Very low density lipoprotein) LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

Answer 66

HDL

Question 67

``` Which lipid in foods raises your blood cholesterol the most? Saturated Fat Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Cholesterol ```

Answer 67

saturated fat

Question 68

A good source of Omega 3 fatty acids is: Yogurt Salmon Olive Oil

Answer 68

salmon

Question 69

Essential amino acids are amino acids that the body can manufacture True False

Answer 69

false

Question 70

``` Proteins are denatured by Heat Stomach acid Alcohol All of the above ```

Answer 70

all of the above

Question 71

``` Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body: Build enzymes, hormones and neurotransmitters Build antibodies Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance Maintain acid-base balance Maintain body temperature Blood clotting Provide energy and glucose ```

Answer 71

maintain body temperature

Question 72

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is the most common form of malnutrition in the world today True False

Answer 72

true