Exam 1 Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Inexhaustible renewable resources
A
Solar
Wind
Wave
Geothermal
2
Q
Exhaustible renewable resources
A
Water
Soil
Biodiversity
Forests
3
Q
Ecosystem services
A
Natural processes that benefit humans
4
Q
Industrial revolution
A
1700s
Powered by fossil fuels
Population growth!
5
Q
Produced by the de/compression of organic matter from ancient life
A
Fossil fuels
6
Q
Scientific Method
A
Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction Test Result
7
Q
Environmental literacy
A
Basic biological understanding
8
Q
Fuel source used to produce electricity with nuclear energy
A
Uranium
9
Q
Element
A
92 natural
20 artificial
10
Q
Protons
A
Positive
In the nucleus
11
Q
Neutron
A
Neutral
In the nucleus
12
Q
Mass number
A
Neutrons + Protons
13
Q
Electrons
A
Negative
Balances the protons
14
Q
Isotopes
A
Element with a different number of neutrons, therefore a different mass
Act identical
15
Q
Ion
A
Electrically charged atom
16
Q
Molecule
A
Two or more atoms
17
Q
Compound
A
Two or more elements
18
Q
Covalent bond
A
Atoms share electrons in a chemical bond
19
Q
Weak attraction due to partial positive and negative charges
A
Hydrogen bond
20
Q
Bond where electrons are transferred between atoms
A
Ionic bond
21
Q
H+ > OH-
Hydrogen ions >hydroxide ions
A
Acidic
22
Q
OH- > H+
Hydroxide ions > hydrogen ions
A
Basic
23
Q
pH
A
Measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
24
Q
Carbon atoms joined by covalent bonds
A
Organic compounds
25
Compounds using long chains of repeated molecules (DNA, Proteins)
Polymers
26
Large molecules (protein, dna, carbohydrate)
Macromolecules
27
Macromolecules made of long gains of amino acids
Proteins
28
Macromolecules that direct production of proteins
Nucleus Acids
29
Organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrate
30
Class of chemical compounds and used for energy storage
Lipid
31
First law of thermodynamics
Conservation of energy
32
Second law of thermodynamics
Energy tends to change from a more ordered state to a less ordered state
33
Autotrophs
Organism that uses enters from sunlight for food
34
Cellular respiration
A cell uses oxygen to split glucose and release energy to perform tasks within the cell
35
Heterotrophs
Organism that consumes other organisms
36
Igneous rock
Cooling magma
37
Sedimentary rock
Dissolved minerals that deep through sediment and combine
38
Metamorphic rock
Great heat and pressure form and reshape crystals
39
Darwin
1850s
| *wallace
40
Muatation
Accidental change in DNA
41
Artificial selection
Selection under human control
| Breeding crops and pets
42
Phylogenic Diagrams/trees
```
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
```
Dear king Phillip came over for great soup
43
Mass extinction
Wipes out 50-90% of life in one go
| Ice age
44
Biosphere
Total of living things
45
Community
Interacting organisms
46
Ecosystem
Community and non living things
47
Species that survive in a very narrow range OR depend on a specific resource
Specialists
48
Logistic growth
Populations that grows then stops due to carrying capacity
49
Fundamental niche
Full niche
50
Realized niche
Portion of niche fully used by species
51
Resource partitioning
Evolve to competition by using different resources
52
Predation
Kills prey
53
Parasitism
Exploits another organism without killing
54
Pathogens
Parasites that cause disease in host
55
Symbiosis
Relations of organisms living closely. Can be mutual or parasitic
56
Trophies levels ranked
1 producers/autotrophs
2 (primary) autotrophs consumed
3 secondary consumers
4 tertiary consumers
57
Detrivitors
Consumer waste
58
Decomposers
Breaks down mass
59
Biomass
Living matter
60
Keystone species
Important to community
61
Tropic cascade
How tropic levels effect each other
62
Disturbance
Impacts environmental conditions
63
Resistance
Stable through disturbances
64
Resilience
Change in response to disturbance
65
Primary succession
No life is left after disturbance
66
Secondary succession
Alters community but does NOT destroy all life
67
First species to arrive
Pioneer species
68
Biome
Vast area of similar communities
69
Restorative ecology
Historical systems used to restore current/broken systems
70
15 protons, 15 neutrons
| Abu dang in lithosphere
Phosphorus
71
Extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in bodies of water
Hypoxia
72
Eutrophication
Nutrient enrichment increases production of organic matter which degraded the ecosystem
73
Lithosphere
Upper most mantle
| Crust
74
Atmosphere
Air surrounding the plant
75
Estuary
Where rivers meet ocean
76
Primary production
Solar energy —> chemical energy
77
Gross primary production
Total amount of chemical energy
78
Net primary production
Remaining energy used to create biomass
79
Nutrient cycles
How nutrients move through ecosystems
80
Reservoir
Pools
81
Flux
Rate at which materials move between reservoirs
82
Reservoir releases more than it accepts
Source
83
Reservoir accepts more than it releases
Sink
84
Hydraulic cycle
Water cycle
85
Transpiration
Release of water vapor through plant leaves
86
Water table
Amount limit of water that can be held above the aquifer
87
Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonium
Nitrogen fixation
88
Conversion of bacteria by ammonium ions
Nitrification
89
NO2-
Nitrite ions
90
NO3-
Nitrate ions
91
Denitrifying bacteria
Convert nitrates to gaseous nitrogen
92
Natural gas trapped deep in shale rock
Shale gas
93
Fracking process
1 drill
2 turn once shale is reached
3 pressure cracks the shale
4 natural gas rises and is collected
94
Tragedy of the commons
Unregulated public resources tend to degrade
95
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act
Nixon
Created council on environmental quality
Required EIS
96
EIS
Environmental Impact Statement
97
UN
United Nations
| Seeks to maintain peace
98
EU
European Union
| Promotes Europe unity
99
WTO
World trade organization
100
NGO
Non Governmental Organizations
| Non profit, mission driven
101
Command-and-Control
Regulating agency that prohibits certain actions
102
Green Tax
Tax on evnvironmentally harmful things
103
Subsidy
Government supporting and promoting an industry, firm, or individual
104
Emission trading
Industries buy or sell excess pollution permits from each other
105
Cap-and-trade
Emission trading between nations
