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NSG 330 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

mitosis

A

process by which body cells replicate for growth and development and cell replacement of an organism

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2
Q

meiosis

A

process by which gametes are formed for the reproduction of the organism

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3
Q

gestational period

A

9 months (38-42 weeks)

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4
Q

implantation

A

begins 6 days after fertilization

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5
Q

Stages of prenatal development

A

ovum (conception - 14 days)
embryo (2 wks - 8wks)
fetus (9 wks - end of pregnancy)

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6
Q

endoderm

A

inner germ layer, epithelial inner linings of GI and respiratory tracts, endocrine glands, and auditory canal

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7
Q

yolk sac

A

aids in transfer of maternal nutrients and O2 to embryo before placenta forms

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8
Q

decidua

A

uterine lining during pregnancy; provides nutritional support for developing embryo before placenta; has a fetal side and maternal side

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9
Q

decidua vera

A

aka parietalis; lines the remainder of the uterus; “the walls of a house”

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10
Q

decidua basalis

A

portion of the decidua where implantation (nidation) takes place; the base; chorionic villi anchored here

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11
Q

decidua capsularis

A

portion that covers blastocyst after implantation; fuses with chorion as pregnancy advances; covers the embryo as it bulges into the uterine cavity; “the roof”

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12
Q

chorion

A

OUTER membrane which blends with fetal portion of placenta

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13
Q

amnion

A

INNER membrane which blends with the fetal umbilical cord

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14
Q

mesoderm

A

connective tissue, teeth (except for enamel), muscles, blood, and vascular systems

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15
Q

ectoderm

A

outside germ layer, skin, nails, nervous system, and teeth enamel

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16
Q

first organ system to function in the developing human

A

cardiovascular system

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17
Q

hemodynamics

A

blood flows from area of higher pressure to lower pressure

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18
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

preserves function of ovarian corpus luteum to ensure sufficient levels of EST. and PROGEST. to maintain pregnancy
-miscarriage occurs if this stops before placenta produces sufficient est. & progest.

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19
Q

estrogen

A

stimulates uterine growth and extra-placental blood flow

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20
Q

progesterone

A

maintains endometrium; decreases contractility of uterus; stimulates maternal metabolism and development of breast alveoli

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21
Q

fetal viability

A

capacity of fetus to live outside of uterus at earliest gestational age (usually 20+ weeks after conception, 500 g or more)

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22
Q

gravidity

A

of pregnancies REGARDLESS OF OUTCOME

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23
Q

parity

A

of pregnancies carried to 20 weeks (regardless of outcome, i.e. stillbirth)

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24
Q

G’T’PAL

A

of pregnancies carried to term, 37+ weeks gestation

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25
GTP'A'L
of abortions, spontaneous or therapeutic, before 20 weeks
26
GTPA'L'
of currently living children
27
Nagele's Rule
day of LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 YEAR = due date
28
iron
best absorbed between meals with calcium; 30 mg/day; red meat, beef liver, fish, poultry, dried peas, beans, seafood, dark leafy greens, iron-fortified cereals
29
folic acid
600 mg/day; lentils, dried beans, peas, nuts, avocado, dark leafy greens, citrus fruits and juices
30
calcium
essential for absorption/metabolism of Vitamin D; 1000 mg/day; milk, fortified OJ, veggies, dark leafy greens, legumes, fortified soy milk
31
protein
71 mg/day
32
typical changes in maternal VS
``` Hgb: 11+ Hct: 33+ Platelets: 150,000-400,000 3-5 days after birth, then increases rapidly WBCs: 5,000-15,000 Plasma: 2400 (40-50% increase) ```
33
toxoplasmosis
caused by cat litter, raw uncooked meat, unpasteurized milk
34
Group Beta Streptococcus
leading cause of life-threatening perinatal infections - transmission occurs during vaginal delivery - permanent neurological disability can result
35
Haegar's sign
softening and compression of lower uterus at 6-12 weeks
36
Chadwick's sign
deepened violet bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa at 6-8 weeks
37
Goodell's sign
increased softening of cervical tip at 5th week
38
ballottement
rebound of unengaged fetus
39
Braxton-Hicks contractions
"false labor" ; painless, irregular, usually relieved by walking
40
home pregnancy test
look for hCG; can be detected 7-10 days after conception; most accurate to use first voided specimen in the AM
41
ultrasounds
can confirm pregnancy at 5-6 weeks
42
x-ray
can confirm pregnancy at 16 weeks
43
certified nurse-midwife
RN's with education in the two disciplines of nursing and midwifery -Master's level
44
Direct entry Midwives
Trained in midwifery schools, colleges, or universities; a nursing degree is not required; bachelor’s level
45
obstetrician
See low and high risk pregnant women for care that involves pharmacological and medical management of problems, as well as use of technological procedures
46
physician
Provide care for primarily low-risk pregnant women and refer high-risk women to obstetricians
47
doula
trained to provide physical, emotional, and informational support to women and their partners during L&D; NOT involved with clinical tasks
48
amniocentesis
done between 13th and 24th weeks of pregnancy; amniotic fluid drawn out and tested for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
49
chorionic villi sampling
done b/w 10th and 12th week of pregnancy; tests for chromosomal abnormalities
50
percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)
tested fetal blood for chromosomes in cases where results are needed STAT and/or when amniocentesis or CVS test results are ambiguous
51
weight gain for normal BMI
25-35 lbs
52
weight gain for overweight BMI
15-25 lbs
53
weight gain for underweight BMI
28-40 lbs
54
weight gain for multiples (twins +)
35-45 lbs
55
hyperemesis gravidarum
prolonged, severe N/V in pregnancy that leads to dehydration, ketonuria, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss
56
pyrosis
caused by PROGESTERONE decreasing smooth muscle contractility
57
operculum
mucous plug; develops from leucorrhea to prevent bacteria entry
58
leucorrhea
whitish vaginal discharge
59
chloasma
blotchy spots of darker skin; common skin change in pregnancy
60
epulis
"pregnancy tumor"; lesion identical to a pyogenic granuloma that only occurs during pregnancy
61
diastasis recti abdominis
the large abdominal muscles separate during pregnancy
62
ptyalism
hypersalivation
63
acroesthesia
excessive physical sensitivity, esp. of the skin

NSG 330 (1 decks)

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