Exam 1

Question 1

2 - 0.05 mm generally primary mineral

Answer 1

Sand

Question 2

2 - 0.05 mm generally primary mineral

Answer 2

Sand

Question 3

.05 - .002 mm generally primary mineral

Answer 3

Silt

Answer 4

Clay

Question 5

Living organisms

Answer 5

Biomass

Question 6

Decomposition products from plant and animal sources

Answer 6

Humas

Question 7

Soil Scales

Answer 7

Soil Particles
Horizons
Pedons
Polypedons
Landscapes

Question 8

Liquid substance that is never pure but contains organic and inorganic substances

Answer 8

Water

Question 9

Soil forming factors

Answer 9

type of parent material
climate
vegetation or biological activity
topography or slope
time

Question 10

The type of mineral influences the soil _________

Answer 10

pH, structure, color

Question 11

_____ rainfall tends to produce less-fertile soils

Answer 11

High

Question 12

soil derived from minerals with high Si contents

- i.e. quartz and feldspars

Answer 12

acid soils

Question 13

99 percent of minerals are composed of

Answer 13

O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg

Question 14

99 percent of minerals are composed of

Answer 14

O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg

Question 15

.05 - .002 mm generally primary mineral

Answer 15

Silt

Question 16

less than .002 mm generally secondary mineral

Answer 16

Clay

Question 17

Living organisms

Answer 17

Biomass

Question 18

Decomposition products from plant and animal sources

Answer 18

Humas

Question 19

Soil Scales

Answer 19

Soil Particles
Horizons
Pedons
Polypedons
Landscapes

Question 20

Liquid substance that is never pure but contains organic and inorganic substances

Answer 20

Water

Question 21

Soil forming factors

Answer 21

type of parent material
climate
vegetation or biological activity
topography or slope
time

Question 22

The type of mineral influences the soil _________

Answer 22

pH, structure, color

Question 23

_____ rainfall tends to produce less-fertile soils

Answer 23

High

Question 24

pH of rainwater

Answer 24

5.7

Question 25

soil derived from minerals with low Si contents | - i.e. hornblendes and Gypsum

Answer 25

basic soil

Question 26

99 percent of minerals are composed of

Answer 26

O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg

Question 27

Texture of a soil derived from sandstone

Answer 27

sandy (resistant)

Question 28

Texture of a soil derived from shale

Answer 28

clay (finer textured)

Question 29

In chemical weathering: the loss of an electron is

Answer 29

oxidation (makes minerals unstable)

Question 30

Minerals not resistant to weathering

Answer 30

Muscovite | Calcite

Question 31

Heat causes, Cooling causes,

Answer 31

expansion contraction

Question 32

unloading of minerals on surface

Answer 32

exfoliating

Question 33

occurs when water filling a crack freezes and expands

Answer 33

frost wedging (ice)

Question 34

formed of till, one end is steep while the other tapers away to ground level, can form near the margin of glacial systems and within zones of fast flow deep within the ice sheet, record the ice movement at the time of formation

Answer 34

Drumlim

Question 35

reacts with water

Answer 35

hydrolysis

Question 36

water combines with compounds in rocks, causing a chemical change in a mineral's structure

Answer 36

hydration

Question 37

pH of rainwater

Answer 37

5.7

Question 38

chemical responsible for dissolving limestone that is precipitated in subsurface soil

Answer 38

acidification

Question 39

form of acidification attached to the ceiling

Answer 39

stalactites

Question 40

form of acidification that rises from floor

Answer 40

stalagmites

Question 41

When carbon dioxide is released from evaporating water

Answer 41

carbon dioxide goes into air, and limestone is deposited, water flow determines thickness of stalactite

Question 42

In chemical weathering: the loss of an electron is

Answer 42

oxidation (makes minerals unstable)

Question 43

driven by gravity as tumbling, flowing, or creeping of material down steep slopes and make land forms such as landslides

Answer 43

Colluvial processes

Question 44

When gravitational stresses exceed the strength of rock or soil, slope failure occurs, also known as

Answer 44

landslides

Question 45

Ice has the following points that make up glaciers:

Answer 45

UPSLOPE: accumulation zone, snow line, ablation zone, till, boulder, outwash: DOWNSLOPE

Question 46

streams carry sediment to glacial lakes with the melting of glacier, building ________ on top of the ice

Answer 46

kame deltas (kames)

Question 47

can form near the margin of glacial systems and within zones of fast flow deep within the ice sheet, record the ice movement at the time of formation

Answer 47

Drumlim