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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperventalation

A

Increased RR
Tingling in lips and fingers
Decreased oxygen

Respiratory alkalosis

Take longer breaths, paper bag

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2
Q

Metabolic alkalosis teaching

A

Stay away from antacids

Control vomiting

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3
Q

Renal failure labs

A

BUN

Creatinine

Hydrogen levels

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4
Q

Hypervolemia

A 
Edema
Shortness of breath 
Crackles
Congestion
Neck vein distention
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5
Q

Hyponatremia s/s

A

Sodium under 135

Neuro relation

Confusion, lethargy, restlessness, seizure, coma

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6
Q

Hypernatremia dietary needs

A

Reduced sodium

Diet with chicken, lean protein, vegetables, fruits

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7
Q

Hyperkalemia s/s

A

Cramping

Impaired kidneys

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8
Q

Hypokalemia cause

A

Diarrhea
Vomiting
NG tune

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9
Q

Hypokalemia labs

A

Serum potassium

ECG

Dogoxin levels

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10
Q

Hypocalcemia s/s

A

Muscle cramping
Twitching
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Positive chvosteks sign

Positive trousseaus sign

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11
Q

Hypophosphatemia cause

A

Deficit in phosphorus

Alcoholics

Intake of too much Mg or Ca

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12
Q

Postural hypotension

A

BP drops lying to standing

Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Syncope

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13
Q

Hypovolemia (Dehydration) s/s

A 
Decrease BP
postural hypotension
Change in level of consciousness
Decreased urine output
Poor skin turgor
Dry mouth
Tachycardia
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14
Q

Appendicitis diagnostic

A

CT abdomen

X-ray

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15
Q

Appendicitis lab

A

WBC

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16
Q

Appendicitis treatment

A

Laparoscopic appendectomy

Open procedure if ruptured

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17
Q

Hiatal hernia cause

A

Stomach bulges up into chest through diaphragm opening

Obesity, pregnancy, coughing, straining during BM

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18
Q

Hiatal hernia s/s

A 
Heartburn
Regurgitation
Chest pain
Dysphagia
Belching -Eructation
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19
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Indigestion (dyspepsia)

Loss of mucosal lining or duodenum

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20
Q

Peptic ulcer s/s

A

Dyspepsia -indigestion!

Pain
Bloating
Burning feeling at night
Poor appetite 
Decreased weight
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21
Q

Oral ulcers treatment

A

Oral hygiene gentle and frequent

Rinse mouth every 2-3 hrs with sodium bicarb or warm saline (can be with hydrogen peroxide)

No alcohol mouthwash

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22
Q

Diverticulosis s/s

A 
Change in level of consciousness
Constipation
Diarrhea
LLQ pain
Low grade fever
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23
Q

Diverticulosis diagnostic

A

CT scan

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24
Q

Assessment: blood in stool

A

Decreased hemoglobin

Change in bowel?

Rectal cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Diverticulosis with abscess

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25
IBS s/s
``` Cramping Abd pain Bloating Diarrhea Constopaiton ```
26
Diarrhea med treatment
Loperamide (Imodium)
27
Constipation med treatment
Laxative
28
Megacolon
Related to ulcerative colitis Inflamm process begins in retro-sigmoid
29
Toxic megacolon
Swelling and inflamm in colon spreads over deep layers of colon Stops working and widens Life threatening
30
Rectal cancer diagnostic
Fecal occult
31
Bladder infection s/s
Left side flank pain Did it spread? Glomerulonephritis
32
Prostatectomy post op
Urine output Able to pee Ambulation
33
Kidney stones prevention
Adjust calcium intake Increase fluids Limit spinach intake Take Mg or B12 (offset electrolytes)
34
Kidney stone priority nursing intervention
Pain management
35
Cytoscopy
Bladder cancer 3 mo, 6 mo, etc Blood in urine Pink tinged urine- normal after procedure
36
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) s/s
Increased urinary retention
37
Hiatal hernia diagnostic
Barium swallow Upper endoscopy
38
Hiatal hernia foods to avoid
Citrus Chocolate Fatty fried foods Garlic Onion Peppermint and spearmint Spicy food
39
Appendicitis s/s
Rebound tenderness (blumergs sign) Periumbilical pain (spreads to LLQ and localized at LRQ) Low grade fever Anorexia Nausea
40
Peptic ulcer teaching
Avoid caffeine Spicy food Alcohol NSAIDs Chocolate
41
Colorectal cancer s/s
``` Fatigue Weight loss Anorexia Change in bowel Bloody stool Melena Abd pain ```
42
Colorectal cancer screening
Digital rectal exam Fecal occult blood test Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Double contrast barium enema
43
Renal failure s/s
Decreased urine output Fluid retention SOB drowsiness Confusion Chest pain Fatigue
44
Renal failure interventions
Catheter Measure I & O Admin diuretics Dialysis
45
Renal failure diet
Low protein Decreases urea
46
Diverticulosis diagnostic
Colonoscopy
47
Diverticulosis diet
Avoid popcorn and seeds Can get caught in pockets
48
Diverticulosis s/s
Usually undiagnosed Unless fever, abd pain, blood in stool
49
McBurney’s point
Appendix
50
Ulcerative colitis s/s
Severe diarrhea Dehydration Hypokalemia Skin breakdown
51
Oral hygiene
``` Self exam weekly Well balanced diet Brush and floss daily Avoid alcohol mouthwash cause inflamm Good repaired dentures and fit properly ```
52
Stomatitis
Inflamed or sore mouth
53
Stomatitis cause
``` Infection Allergy Vit deficiency (B complex, folate, zinc, iron) Tobacco Alcohol ```
54
Stomatitis foods to avoid
``` Coffee Potatoes Cheese Nuts Citrus fruits ``` Trigger allergic response
55
Dysphagia s/s
Coughing Choking Food “sticking” to pharynx
56
PASS
Probable patient has swallowing difficulty? Account for previous problems Screen for s/s Speech-language referral
57
Hiatal hernia teaching
Elevate head 6 in when sleeping Remain upright several hours after eating Avoid straining or excessive exercise Refrain from wearing tight fitting clothing around abdomen
58
Dyspepsia
Sharp Burning Gnawing pain
59
Ulcer perforation
Sudden sharp pain Mid-epigastric Rigid, board like abdomen
60
Appendicitis nursing intervention
IV- fluid and electrolyte balance Semi-Fowler’s to contain abd drainage in lower abdomen
61
Diverticulosis cause
Old age Low fiber diet
62
Diverticulosis nursing interventions
Antibiotics, Analgesics, anticholinergics No lax or enemas Rest and avoid activities straining or bending Low fiber until inflamm resolves then high fiber Check stools for occult or bleeding
63
UTI s/s
Frequent urination Urgency Without urination, urination at night, etc Low back pain Incontinence Retention
64
UTI more rare symptoms
``` Fever Chills N/v Malaise Flank pain ```
65
UTI Interventions
``` Increase fluids Perineal care Antibiotics Double void- empty bladder completely Warm sitz bath ```
66
UTI diagnostics
Clean catch urine Urine culture WBC HISTORY- ultrasound

PN2 (1 decks)

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