Exam 1

Question 1

_______ is a poison from a biological source

Answer 1

Toxin

Question 2

What is the length of exposure for subacute toxicity?

Answer 2

24hrs - 30d

Question 3

A chronicity factor greater than ___ makes it a cumulative toxicant

Answer 3

2

Question 4

A compound that has an LD50 of 50mcg/kg is considered?

Answer 4

Extremely toxic

Question 5

1 ppm = ___ %

Answer 5

0.0008%

Question 6

If a feed contains 400ppm arsanilic acid as a growth promoter, how many grams are needed p/ton?

Answer 6

363 g/ton

100g/ton=110ppm
1.1ppm=1g/ton
400/1.1=363 g/ton

Question 7

1% = ___ ppm

Answer 7

90000ppm

Question 8

T/F: activated charcoal is effective w/ethanol toxicosis

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Which drugs could you give to enhance renal excretion of a basic drug such as amphetamine?

Answer 9

Methionine

Ammonium Chloride

Question 10

T/F: Organophosphates are persistent in the environment

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Between Carbamates & Thiophosphates, which one requires hepatic bioactivation?

Answer 11

Thiophosphates

Question 12

How can carbamate & organophosphate toxicosis be dx?

Answer 12

Atropine therapy

Question 13

What is the MOA for carbamate?

Answer 13

Reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Question 14

T/F: Organochlorine, Nicotine & Amitraz can be tx w/activated charcoal

Answer 14

True

Question 15

A cat presents w/CNS stimulation, tremors, clonic/tonic seizures, hyperthermia & opisthotonos

What is your top Ddx?

Answer 15

Organochlorines

Question 16

T/F: Antacids can aid in the tx of nicotine toxicosis

Answer 16

False

Question 17

T/F: Amitraz & Ivermectin both cause CNS depression

Answer 17

True

Question 18

A patient w/naphthalene toxicosis will have what kind of clinical abnormalities?

Answer 18

Hemolytic anemia, methoglobinemia & Heinz bodies

Question 19

If a patient is negative for the atropine response test, does it have the organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What is the MOA of ivermectin toxicosis?

Answer 20

GABA agonist

Question 21

T/F: Plasma protien binding is generally reversible and prolongs the t1/2 of the drug

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What do acidic drugs bind mainly to?

Answer 22

Albumin

Question 23

Name the nightly perfused tissues

Answer 23

Liver, kidney, brain & endocrine glands

Question 24

What is the most common type of biotransformation reaction?

Answer 24

Oxidation

Question 25

What is DDT’s MOA?

Answer 25

Na+ channels stay open, which inhibits repolarization

Question 26

T/F: OP induced delayed polyneuropathy develops 10-14d after exposure & CS include ataxia & mm weakness

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F: CS of carbamates include - salivation & lacrimation

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F: dogs are sensitive to pyrethrums/pyrethroids

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What can be combined w/DEET that increases dermal absorption?

Answer 29

Pyrethroids

Question 30

T/F: Beta 2 adrenergic agonists are an appropriate tx for smoke inhalation

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What gases are colorless?

Answer 31

Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide & CO

Question 32

Which gas has a rotten egg odor?

Answer 32

Hydrogen Sulfide

Question 33

T/F: Sodium Nitrate IV can be used to tx hydrogen sulfide poisoning

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Which animal has a poor prognosis w/Rotenone toxicity?

Answer 34

Fish

Question 35

Which species are more sensitive to Naphthalene?

Answer 35

Cats

Question 36

What is the preferred method for preserving tissues for chemical analysis?

Answer 36

Freezing

Question 37

A dog presented w/miosis, excess salivation, v/d, urination, mm fasciculations, seizures & difficulty in breathing. What is the first thing that should be done?

Answer 37

Perform artificial respiration

Question 38

What are the primary chemical reactions of biotransformation?

Answer 38

Conjugation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Question 39

Which drug may increase the toxicity of acetaminophen?

Answer 39

Phenobarbital

Question 40

What is the most common biotransformation reaction?

Answer 40

Oxidation

Question 41

Which drug can enhance renal excretion of phenobarbital?

Answer 41

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 42

Which drug can be used to reduce brain swelling d/t toxicosis?

Answer 42

Glucocorticoid

Question 43

T/F: chlorinated hydrocarbons are the most long lasting insecticides in the environment

Answer 43

True

Question 44

A cat died from possible chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity. What would be the best sample to submit for a dx?

Answer 44

Brain

Question 45

MOA of Amitraz

Answer 45

Mainly an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist = CV collapse & resp depression

Question 46

MOA of bromethalin

Answer 46

Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation & inhibiting ATP = Cerebral & spinal edema

Question 47

What is the reason for early death of metaldehyde poisoning?

Answer 47

Resp failure

Question 48

What specimen is used for dx of metaldehyde toxicosis?

Answer 48

Stomach contents

Question 49

Why do pyrethrins have low toxicity in mammals?

Answer 49

They are rapidly metabolized

Question 50

T/F: fish are the most sensitive to rotenone toxicity

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Which toxicant causes calcification of soft tissue?

Answer 51

Cholecalciferol

Question 52

T/F: organophosphates & pyrethrins produce similar CS

Answer 52

True

Question 53

MOA of rotenone

Answer 53

Inhibits oxidation of NADH to NAD

Question 54

T/F: Amitraz cause hyperglycemia d/t insulin inhibition

Answer 54

True