Exam 1

Question 1

___ elements are arranged in order of increasing relative mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.

Answer 1

Mendeleev

Question 2

Arrange elements in rows so that ___ align in the same vertical columns.

Answer 2

similar properties

Question 3

3 broad element classifications

Answer 3

metals nonmetals metalloids

Question 4

-occupy left side of periodic table

Answer 4

metals

Question 5

• occupy upper right side of periodic table
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
• solid at room temp, some gases
• gain electrons in chemical change

Answer 5

nonmetals

Question 6

• lie along zig zag diagonal line
• semiconductors of electricity
• used in manufacture of electronic devices central to computer and cellphones

Answer 6

metalloids

Question 7

H N O F Cl Br I

Answer 7

diatomic molecules

Question 8

The chemistry of the compounds of carbon

Answer 8

Organic Chemistry

Question 9

The chemistry of most everything but carbon

Answer 9

Inorganic Chemistry

Question 10

The chemistry of finding the quantities of compounds or elements in a sample

Answer 10

Analytical Chemistry

Question 11

The chemistry of the properties of substances

Answer 11

Physical Chemistry

Question 12

The chemistry of living things

Answer 12

Biochemistry

Question 13

describes how close a measurement is to the true value

Answer 13

Accuracy

Question 14

relates to the reproducibility of data (how well measurements agree with each other). Also an idea of how well a number is measured

Answer 14

Precision

Question 15

formula for uncertainty

Answer 15

smallest measurement /10

Question 16

__ suggested that if you divide matter into smaller pieces, you end up with tiny, indestructible particles.
Atomos = indivisible
-the first person on record to have postulated that matter was composed of atoms.

Answer 16

Democritus

Question 17

1. Each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms.

Answer 17

Dalton’s atomic theory

Question 18

Who and in what year discovered electrons?

Answer 18

JJ Thomson 1897

Question 19

• Travel in straight lines
• Are negatively charged
• Are deflected by electrical and magnetic fields

Answer 19

electrons

Question 20

Who did the gold foil experiment?

Answer 20

Rutherford

Question 21

2. All atoms of a given element have the same properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements.

Answer 21

Dalton’s atomic theory

Question 22

3a. Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
H2O not HO0.5

Answer 22

Dalton’s atomic theory

Question 23

3b. Chemical reactions simply involve the rearrangement of atoms into different combinations
Atoms are not created or destroyed

Answer 23

Dalton’s atomic theory

Question 24

Most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core called the nucleus.

Answer 24

Rutherford nuclear theory

Question 25

Most of the volume of the atom is empty space through which the tiny, negatively charged electrons are dispersed.

Answer 25

Rutherford nuclear theory

Question 26

The number of negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus is equal to the number of positively charged particles (protons) inside the nucleus, so that the atom is electrically neutral.

Answer 26

Rutherford nuclear theory

Question 27

____ showed that when he measured the mass of elements such as helium and expected the mass to equal 2 protons, it was actually double

Answer 27

Francis Aston

Question 28

___ discovers the neutron, an electrically neutral piece of the atom, which accounts for the missing mass. So the helium nucleus actually consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

Answer 28

James Chadwick

Question 29

___ of the atom contains almost all the mass but almost zero volume

Answer 29

The nucleus

Question 30

in the atom __ occupy most of the volume but account for almost no mass

Answer 30

The electrons

Question 31

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called __

Answer 31

Isotopes

Question 32

Isotope symbol

Answer 32

Mass number top left atomic number bottom left of chemical symbol

Question 33

Positive ions

Answer 33

cations

Question 34

Negative ions

Answer 34

anions

Question 35

charge for extra electrons

Answer 35

negative

Question 36

charge for less electrons

Answer 36

positive

Question 37

- good conductors of heat and electricity

Answer 37

metals

Question 38

-malleable

Answer 38

metals

Question 39

-ductile (drawn into wires)

Answer 39

metals

Question 40

-lose electrons during chemical change

Answer 40

metals