Exam 1

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

state of complete physical, mental, and social well being. Being sound in body, mind, and spirit

Question 2

Wellness

Answer 2

deliberate lifestyle characterized by personal responsibility and enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health

Question 3

WHO

Answer 3

World health organization

“state of complete physical, mental, and social well being

Question 4

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

Answer 4

“resource for everyday life…”

Question 5

Godfrey Hochbaum

Answer 5

behavior scientist ‘I am who I am”

Question 6

Six components of health

Answer 6

PEPPSI
Physical: one’s ability to take care of health problems
Environmental: state of environment in which people live, work, and play
Psychological: our feelings and thoughts
Spiritual: learn how to experience joy, love, peace, and fulfillment
Social: ability to interact efficiently with others, develop interpersonal relationships, and fulfill social roles
Intellectual: ability to think and learn from life experiences, question and evaluate information

Question 7

Internal vs. External locus of control

Answer 7

Internal locus of control: person can influence events and outcomes
External locus of control: blaming outside forces

Question 8

Life expectancy in the U.S in the 1900 and 2005

Answer 8

1900: Less than 50 years
2005: White - M 75, F 80
African American - M 69, F 77
Hispanic - M 76, F 83

Question 9

What are The leading causes of death for the African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics and Native Americans

Answer 9

Hispanic/Latino: heart disease, accidental injuries, cancer
African Americans: HIV/Aids, breast and cervical cancer, prostate cancer
Native Americans: alcohol related accidents, homicides, suicides
Asian Americans: cervical cancer, hepatitis, tuberculosis
Caucasian: Heart disease, cancer, accidental injury

Question 10

The Stages of Change

Answer 10

Precontemplation: showing no interest in quitting healthy habit
Contemplation: consciousness raising, acknowledging unhealthy habit
Preparation: expressing desire to stop
Action: taking actions towards quitting unhealthy habit
Maintenance: develop practices to avoid relapsing

Question 11

The of the 3rd major causes of deaths that accounts for ¾ of preventable deaths among Americans between the age of 15 -24 years old?

Answer 11

Accidental injuries

Question 12

The different types of anxiety disorders

Answer 12

Phobias: Intense and Irrational fear of a situation or object
Panic Attacks: Episodes of sudden, inexplicable terror
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Uncontrollable chronic worrying, anxiousness, and nervousness.
OCD: Persistent Disturbing thoughts and behaviors

Question 13

the facts about ADHD

Answer 13

Definition: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder approximately 7.4 to 16% of children by age 19
Causes: Genetic and biological factors including brain activity and neuro chemical function, prenatal use of alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine, postnatal problems of meningitis, encephalitis, chronic lead exposure or severe head trauma.
Genetic: If one family member is DX and ADHA then there is a 25 to 35% that at least one other family member will have it.
Symptoms in Adults: Hyperactivity, impulsivity and distractibility, ie tapping fingers, jiggle their feet.

Question 14

Abraham Maslow

Answer 14

Hierarchy of Human Needs: Individuals behave in response to their values rather than unconscious drives.

Question 15

Sigmund Freud

Answer 15

Framework of Personality: Repression, Projection, rationalization, denial, displacement, avoidance, regression

Question 16

Erik Erikson

Answer 16

Psychological Theory of Development: Individuals progress through eight psychological stages during their lifetime.

Question 17

Maslow Pyramid

Answer 17

1. Self Actualization: Fulfilment of one’s potential.
2. Self-Esteem: Respect for self and by others
3. Love and Affection: Ability to give and receive affection
4. Safety and Security: Ability to protect oneself from harm
5. Physiological Needs: Food, Water, Shelter, Sleep, Sex

Question 18

psychiatric treatments

Answer 18

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Cognitive-behavioral, Interpersonal Therapy, Psychiatric Drug

Question 19

different types of psychiatric meds and their treatments

Answer 19

Anti Anxiety: Anxiety, OCD
Anti Depressants:  Depression, Eating Disorders, OCD
Mood Stabilizers: Depression, Bipolar
Antipsychotics: Schizophrenia
Non Amphetamine Stimulants: ADD

Question 20

Major depression and symptoms

Answer 20

A persistent feeling of sadness and lack of interest in outside stimuli. Symptoms include lack of focus, Exhaustion and lethargy, irritability, restlessness, and weight issues

Question 21

Eustress and Distress

Answer 21

Eustress: positive stress
Distress: events negative to control with unwanted outcomes, negative stress

Question 22

Anorexia, Binge eating and Bulimia

Answer 22

Anorexia: severe psychological disturbance, refuses to eat despite being underweight
Binge eating: eating excess amounts of food in response to distress
Bulimia: craving for food that is difficult to satsify

Question 23

Hans Seyle

Answer 23

A researcher who developed the Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome, created the understanding that stress is a reaction to any demanding task

Question 24

Three stress hormones

Answer 24

Adrenaline, Cortisol, Norepinephrine

Question 25

GAS

Answer 25

GAS- General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 26

Three Stages of GAS

Answer 26

Alarm Stage- Your body changes as response to stress, Resistance Phase- the body makes an attempt to protect itself from stress, Exhaustion Stage- the body becomes weakened from prolonged exposure to stress

Question 27

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 27

The study of the relationships among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems

Question 28

antioxidants and phytochemical

Answer 28

Antioxidants: compounds that protect cells from free radical damage Phytochemical: Non-nutrient substances produced by plants that may provide health benefits

Question 29

danger zone in storing foods

Answer 29

danger zone is between 40*F and 140*F

Question 30

monounsaturated fats

Answer 30

Olives, peanuts, and canola oil

Question 31

What is Metabolic syndrome?

Answer 31

A condition that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes Signs: Excess abdominal fat, Slightly elevated fasting blood glucose levels, elevated blood lipid levels, and hypertension Cause: Poor Dietary Habits.

Question 32

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 32

Definition: A group of chronic disease characterized by the inability of the body to metabolize carbohydrates properly.

Question 33

How much fiber is recommended daily ?

Answer 33

25g per day is recommended for a healthy digestive system

Question 34

What are soluble fibers?

Answer 34

Soluble fiber attracts water and turns to gel during digestion. This slows digestion. Soluble fiber is found in oat bran, barley, nuts, seeds,

Question 35

Muscle endurance and Muscle Strength

Answer 35

Muscle Endurance: A muscle’s ability to contract repeatedly without becoming fatigued Muscle Strength:The ability to apply maximum force against an object that is resisting this force

Question 36

Isometric and Isotonic

Answer 36

Isometric: force on fixed object (door, planking) Isotonic: applying force against moveable but constant source of resistance (barbell, push ups, weights)

Question 37

How to calculate a person's BMI

Answer 37

BMI= Weight x 703/(height)sq

Question 38

the definition of flexibility, Static Stretching, Ballistic stretching

Answer 38

Flexibility: The ability to move a muscle to any position in its normal range of motion Static Stretching: Slow and extended stretching (holding) Ballistic Stretching: force it beyond its normal range of motion (jerking or bouncing)

Question 39

Tendons, ligaments, joints

Answer 39

Tendons: Tough bands of tissue that connect many skeletal muscles to bones Ligaments: Tough bands of connective tissue that hold bones together at joints Joints: The places where 2 or more bones come together

Question 40

functions of Skeletal muscles

Answer 40

providing shape, support, and movement for your body

Question 41

What are LDL, HDL and triglycerides and what are the recommended ranges for them?

Answer 41

LDL: “bad” cholesterol that carries cholesterol to the cells (↓100) HDL: “good” cholesterol that carries cholesterol from the cells and to the liver for removal from the body (↑50) Triglycerides: Often called “fat”, the most prevalent form of lipids in foods (↓200)

Question 42

DASH diet it is recommended for individuals with what type of condition?

Answer 42

(dietary approaches to stop hypertension) Mostly lots of whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products; recommended to treat high blood pressure

Question 43

effects of smoking and heart diseases

Answer 43

``` Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol build up Nicotine over stimulates the heart Reduces oxygen supply to heart Blood clotting Damage to arteries ```

Question 44

The Path of the blood to and from the heart

Answer 44

right atrium receives oxygen poor blood, right ventricle pumps blood in need of oxygen to the lungs. Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from lung, left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to body systems

Question 45

Signs of stroke

Answer 45

Sudden numbness/weakness on face, arm or leg (usually on one side) Sudden confusion and difficulty in speech and understanding Sudden trouble seeing out of one or both eyes

Question 46

Heart Attack

Answer 46

``` Pain in chest Sweating Lightheadedness Chest pain to shoulders, neck, jaw, arms Heartburn symptoms with nausea and vomiting ```

Question 47

the differences between a Thrombus and an embolus

Answer 47

Thrombus: stationary blood clot Embolus: floating blood clot

Question 48

the differences between Systolic and diastolic pressure

Answer 48

Systolic BP: heart pumping | Diastolic: heart relaxing