EXAM 1 Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
The ways in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings
A
Human sexuality
2
Q
Who is a sexual being
A
everyone, even those who are abstinent
3
Q
Guided by the pursuit of pleasure, not by whether a particular behavior is morally or situationally justified
A
Hedonism
4
Q
“If it feels good, do it”
A
Hedonism
5
Q
Believe that sexual desires, like hunger or thirst, do not invoke moral considerations
A
Hedonism
6
Q
Assumes that diverse values are basic to human existence
A
ethical relativism
7
Q
They reject the idea that there is a single correct moral view about diverse subjects
A
Ethical relativism
8
Q
What is right or wrong must be understood in terms of the cultural beliefs that affect sexual decision making
A
Cultural relativism
9
Q
Formulates ethical behavior on the basis of a code of moral laws derived from an external source, such as religion
A
Legalism
10
Q
Religious celibates, such as RC priests and Buddhist monks, choose this in order to devote themselves to spiritual pursuits
A
Asceticism
11
Q
Self-denial of material and sexual desires
A
asceticism
12
Q
Ethical guidelines can be based on principles other than religious ones
A
utilitarianism
13
Q
The view that moral conduct is based on that which will bring about “the greatest good for the greatest number”
A
utilitarianism
14
Q
Historical perspective of human sexuality
A
all societies place some limits on sexual expression
- Early christianity saw sex as always sinful
15
Q
Biological/ evolutionary perspective of human sexuality
A
involves evolution, natural selection, and descent with modification to explain human sexuality
16
Q
Cross-species perspective of human sexuality
A
- the study of other animal species in regard to sexual behaviors
- sexual behavior among “higher” mammals is less directly controlled by instinct than it is among the “lower species”
17
Q
Psychoanalytic perspective of human sexuality
A
- uses psychoanalysis to understand personality
- freud believed that we were all born with biologically based sex drives that must be channeled through socially approved outlets if family and social life are to carry on without undue conflict
- human behavior represents the outcome of clashing inner forces
18
Q
Sociological perspective of human sexuality
A
- includes anthropological data
- compares preliterate societies with developed societies
19
Q
Social learning theory perspective of human sexuality
A
observational learning, values, and expectations play key roles in determining behavior
20
Q
Psychological perspective of human sexuality
A
includes psychoanalytic theory, learning theory (behaviorism), cognitive psychology (modeling), and social psychology
21
Q
Views were largely shaped by Saint Paul and Saint Augustine
A
Early christianity perspective
22
Q
Adultery and fornication were rampant among the upper classes of Rome at the time, and the leaders began to associate sexuality with sin
A
Early Christianity perspective
23
Q
No sex before marriage, divorce is outlawed, and lust mad an sexual expression (even in marriage) inherently evil
A
Early Christianity perspective
24
Q
This tradition treasures marriage and sexual fulfillment in marriage
A
Islam perspective
25
Premarital sex and adultery invite shame and social condemnation, and sometimes even death
Islam perspective
26
Men can have many wives but women can only have one husband
Islam perspective
27
Sexual practices were codified in a sex manual called the Kama Sutra
Hindu India perspective
28
Believed that sex was a religious duty, not a source of shame or guilt
Hindu India perspective
29
Sexual fulfillment was regarded as one way to become reincarnated at a higher level of existence, however they become more restrictive toward sexuality after about 1000CE
Hindu India perspective
30
What culture believed that sexual activity will drain the men's strength and therefore sex should be limited?
Inis Beag
31
What culture encourages sex from an early age and the parents are largely open about sex to their children?
Mangaia
32
Which culture ignores masturbation in childhood?
Hopi
33
Which culture encourages masturbation in childhood?
Trobrianders
34
Female physician during the victorian era who conducted an early sex survey which showed that women actually desired to have sex
Clelia Mosher
35
Experienced a lot of sexual repression, where sex was not discussed in a polite society
Characteristic of Victorian era
36
Many women viewed sex as a marital duty to be performed for procreation or to satisfy their husbands' cravings and they were assumed not to experience sexual desires or pleasures
Characteristic of Victorian era
37
Prostitution flourished during this period and same-sex sexual behavior was considered indecent
Characteristic of Victorian era
38
Research methods of Kinsey
group sampling
39
Research methods of Masters and Johnson
laboratory observation
40
Research methods of photoplethysmography and strain gauge
measure blood flow, muscle tension, and physiological responses
41
Research methods of participant observation
learning about participant by directly observing their behavior
42
How did Kinsey assure honesty in his subjects and cross-check their answers?
participants were assured and reminded of confidentiality
43
Variables are not .... , so there is no evidence that one ....
manipulated; causes the other
44
Correlation does not mean
causation
45
variable that is manipulated
IV
46
variable that is measured
DV
47
Expresses the strength (number) and direction (sign) of a relationship between two variables
Correlation Coefficient
48
What is the biological (not sexual) function of the hymen?
remains something of a biological mystery, because it serves no apparent biological function
49
What was the Tuskegee experiment?
USPHS withheld adequate treatment from a group of poor black men who had the disease, causing needless pain and suffering for the men and their loved ones in an attempt to learn more about syphilis and justify treatment programs for blacks
50
Why was the tuskegee experiment unethical?
it violated informed consent process and the treatment did more harm than good
51
How did Kinsey record responses of the people he interviewed?
He recorded his responses using coding
52
An organ that produces the gametes
gonads
53
Gonads in females
ovaries
54
gonads in males
testes
55
Parts of the body that both men and women have
- Adrenal glands
- hypothalamus
- kidneys
- pancreas
- parathyroids
- pineal gland
- pituitary gland
- thymus
- thyroid
56
Role of testosterone in sexual arousal for males
secreted in small amounts by the adrenal glands in both sexes, but in much larger amounts by the testes
57
Role of testosterone in sexual arousal for females
androgen levels predict sexual interest among teenage girls but are unrelated to the likelihood of engaging in sexual behavior. also plays a prominent role in activating and maintaining women's sex drives
58
When are self-exams for cancer recommended?
they no longer recommend it because of too many false positives
59
Do statistics show that breast self-examination saves lives?
Currently no evidence
60
Does the American Cancer society recommend that men perform regular testicular self-exams to detect testicular cancer?
No there haven't been enough studies to show they reduce the death rate from this cancer and there are no recommendations
61
Another name for the uterus
womb
62
The hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ in which a fertilized ovum implants and develops until birth
Uterus
63
The tubular female sex organ that contains the penis during sexual intercourse and through which a baby is born
Vagina
64
the lower end of the uterus
cervix
65
Another term for the external sexual structures of the female, among with pudenda
Vulva
66
Large folds of skin that run downward from the mons along the sides of the vulva
labia majora
67
Hairless, light-colored membranes, located between the labia majora (around the vagina)
labia minora
68
A female sex organ consisting of a shaft and glands located above the urethral opening and is extremely sensitive to sexual sensatioins
Clitoris
69
The fold of skin covering the glands of the clitoris
prepuce
70
The release of an ovum from an ovary
ovulation
71
A mound of fatty tissue that covers the joint of the pubic ones in front of the body, below the abdomen and above the clitoris
Mons pubis
72
The first menstrual period
menarche
73
A combination of physical and psychological symptoms that regularly afflicts many women during the first four to six day interval that precedes their menses each month
Premenstrual syndrome
74
A bean shaped area in the anterior wall of the vagina that is believed to swell when stimulated and produce erotic sensations
grafenberg spot
75
A capsule within an ovary that contains an ovum
ovary follicle
76
The skin and underlying tissue that lies between the vaginal opening and the anus
Perineum
77
Characteristics directly involved in reproduction
Primary sex characteristics
78
Characteristics traits that distinguish the sexes from one another but are not directly involved in reproduction
Secondary sex characteristics
79
The spongy body that runs along the bottom of the penis, contains the penile urethra, and enlarges at the tip of the penis to form the glans
Corpus spongiosum
80
Cylinders of spongy tissue in the penis that become congested with blood and stiffen during sexual arousal
Corpora cavernosa
81
The ridge that separates the glans from the body of the penis
Corona
82
The sensitive strip of tissue that connects the underside of the penile glans to the shaft
Frenulum
83
The body of the penis, which expands as a result of vasocongestion
Shaft
84
The loose skin that covers the penil glans, also referred to as the prepuce
Foreskin
85
The base of the penis, which extends into the pelvis
root of the penis
86
The cord that suspends a testicle within the scrotum and contains a vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and the cremaster muscle
Spermatic cord
87
A tube that conducts sperm from the testicle to the ejaculatory duct of the penis
Vas deferens
88
The muscle that raises and lowers the testicle in response to temperature changes and sexual stimulation
Cremaster muscle
89
The muscle in the middle layer of the scrotum that contracts and relaxes in response to temperature changes
Dartos muscle
90
A duct formed by the convergence of a vas deferens with a seminal vesicle through which sperm pass through the prostate gland and into the urthera
Ejaculatory duct
91
tiny, winding, sperm-producing tubes within the lobes of the testes
Seminiferous tubules
92
Both semen and urine pass through the urethral opening
Urethral meatus
93
What is the difference between orgasm and ejaculation?
Orgasm is generally pleasurable, ejaculation refers only to the expulsion of semen from the tip of the penis
94
Orgasm and ejaculation are
not synonymous
95
What is priapism?
when the penis is erect for a prolonged period of time
96
When does priapism become an emergency?
After being erect for more than 4 hours
97
Where is sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules
98
What makes an erection form?
the engorgement of the penis with blood, such that the penis expands and stiffens aka vasocongestions
99
The phases of the sexual response cycle
1. Excitement
2. Plataeu
3. Orgams
4. Resolution
100
Phase:
| Erection in the male, vaginal lubrication, muscle tension and increase in heart rate
Excitement
101
Phase:
| Increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate and blood pressure in preparation for orgasm
Plateau
102
Phase:
Rapid succession of muscular contractions in the genital regions of both males and females, and also by ejaculation by the male
Orgasm
103
Phase:
| Body gradually returns to its pre arousal state
Resolution
104
When women initiate/ and are open to accepting interest from another individual. Not only are they expressing interest, but they are more importantly allowing the males to act on their interest
Proceptivity
105
How do most men masturbate?
manual manipulation of the penis
106
How do most women masturbate?
by massaging the mons, labia minora and clitoral region with circular or back and forth motions
107
The swelling of the genital tissues with blood, which causes erection of the penis and enogorgement of the area surrounding the vaginal opening
Vasocongestion
108
A period of time following a response during which an individual is no longer responsive to stimulation
Refractory periods
109
Sexual self-stimulation
Masturbation
110
What sex acts do most women enjoy?
oral sex and stimulation of breasts
111
What sex acts do most men enjoy?
oral sex
112
A period of time following a response during which an individual is no longer responsive to stimulation
refractory period
113
Both semen and urine pass through the urethral opening
meatus of the penis
114
A male-superior position, where the male is on top of the female
Missionary position
115
Sex differences in the sexual response cycle
for males penis becomes erect and for females vaginal lubrication occurs
116
How long does it take women and men to orgasm on masturbation?
about the same amount of time
117
How long it takes women and men to orgasm in coitus?
men: can take under 5 minutes
women: can take up to 20 minutes
118
Which coital position makes orgasm most likely?
one that involves clitoral stimulation as well as penetration
119
Which demographic groups masturbate more?
More common with high education, more common before marriage, and more common among men
