Exam #1

Question 1

Hesiod

Answer 1

greek poet that flourished in the Iron Age and described a “heroic age” where men misled with gods and powerful kingdoms fought

Question 2

Heinrich Schliemann

Answer 2

in the late 19th century he was an archaeologist who believed that greek myths were true and found these places in Greece. he found troy.

Question 3

Mycenae

Answer 3

the Bronze Age. Athens was last of Mycenae culture. age of heroes.

Question 4

thalassocracy

Answer 4

empire by the sea

Question 5

palace at Knossos

Answer 5

palace on island of Crete. was a creation center for pottery and metalworks. huge. had lots of paintings. long twisty hallways.

Question 6

linear B

Answer 6

script used my mycenaean greeks. it was deciphered. it was just lists. its relationship with Linear A shows that Minoan commercial activity engaged the mainland of Greece.

Question 7

mycenaean citadels

Answer 7

well populated center for trade and government

Question 8

sea peoples

Answer 8

group of invaders who destroyed Egypt and possibly mycenaean Greece.

Question 9

aristoi

Answer 9

best men

Question 10

polis

Answer 10

city state

Question 11

the academy

Answer 11

founded by plato as informal school

Question 12

republic

Answer 12

book of dialogues(socrates is main character) in it plato argues that social harmony and order are more important than individual liberty or equality

Question 13

“philosopher kings”

Answer 13

members of ruling elites who try to apply philosophy into excursive of power

Question 14

Aristotle

Answer 14

student of plato, taught politics, ethics, and the pursuit of happiness

Question 15

empirical knowledge

Answer 15

sensory experience/feeling and observing

Question 16

Pericles

Answer 16

aristocrat from very prestigious family advocated foreign policy that directed away from being alliances with Sparta. adopted aggressive policies.

Question 17

delian league

Answer 17

group of greek polis who allied together during greco-persian wars. Athens+Sparta

Question 18

Peloponnesian league

Answer 18

sparta and their allies during Peloponnesian wars

Question 19

Thucydides

Answer 19

historian. father of scientific history. remembers for his collections of materials and writings during Peloponnesian war

Question 20

Alcibiades

Answer 20

young aristocrats who’s idea it was to attack Sicily to help allies but then ended up killing thousands of athenians.

Question 21

khora

Answer 21

land surrounding agora, under control of polis

Question 22

synoikismos

Answer 22

“bringing together of dwellings” incorporating various villages and sanctuaries into larger polis

Question 23

agora

Answer 23

a social center for trade/ markets/ assemblies

Question 24

areopagus

Answer 24

council of government that elected city officials

Question 25

drakon

Answer 25

created written laws for Athens but was too harsh

Question 26

Solon

Answer 26

grants power. created social and political and economic reforms

Question 27

peisistratos

Answer 27

tyrant, redistributed aristocratic land to the poor, built a navy

Question 28

cleisthenes

Answer 28

broke aristocracy, reinstitures solons reforms, divides Athens into ten political districts, demes

Question 29

hoplite

Answer 29

citizen solider, equipped themselves, had spears and swords

Question 30

hoplon

Answer 30

shield that hoplites used

Question 31

phalanx

Answer 31

formation that hoplites used. carrying hoplons close together, and leaning on each other to create a wall. hard to pull off but almost impossible to beat

Question 32

Herodotus

Answer 32

regarded greeks and persians as great people. was first person that we know of to write down his collections. couldve been biased because he was greek

Question 33

trireme

Answer 33

versatile warship, three banks of oars, athenians used this to their advantage

Question 34

miltiades

Answer 34

athenian general during battle of marathon. very cunning

Question 35

Xerxes

Answer 35

son of Darius(persian) prepared invasion on Greece to avenge his fathers shame

Question 36

battle of marathon

Answer 36

greeks were outnumbered by persians. sparta was in religious festival so they couldn't help. greeks won according to Herodotus

Question 37

battle of Thermopylae

Answer 37

outnumbered greeks led by sparta confronted Xerxes at mountain pass. greeks held off persians for 3 days. didn't;t win, but athenians beat persians at sea by faking a retreat

Question 38

socrates

Answer 38

founder of western philosophy, known for his contribution to ethics, killed for disagreeing w religious, disobeying law of land, and corrupting the youth

Question 39

plato

Answer 39

founded academy in Athens, founded western political philosophy(republic). argued about social harmonies and order