Exam 1

Question 1

Define abnormal psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

Question 2

What are the four D’s? (most common features in abnormal psychology)

Answer 2

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger

Question 3

Define deviance

Answer 3

different in an extreme unusual perhaps bizarre from behaviors, thoughts, emotions, and social norms

Question 4

Define distress

Answer 4

unpleasant or upsetting to a person

Question 5

Define dysfunction

Answer 5

interfering with the persons ability to conduct daily activities

Question 6

Define danger

Answer 6

posing risk of harm

Question 7

Examples of deviance

Answer 7

large tattoos or piercings

Question 8

Examples of dysfunction

Answer 8

cant do daily functions, sleep and cry all day

Question 9

Three essential features of treatment

Answer 9

sufferer, healer, and series of contacts

Question 10

Greek and Roman 500 BC to 500 AD

Answer 10

Believed in humors being the cause of the mental illness. Hippocrates taught this and believed in rebalancing the humors would help the person recover

Question 11

Europe in the Middle Ages 500-1350

Answer 11

Believed in Demonology, the church rejected the scientific norms, trephination and exorcisms

Question 12

Renaissance and the Rise of the Asylums

Answer 12

Demonological views declined, Johann Weyer “the mind is susceptible to sickness as the body”, rise of asylums with good intention but became virtual prisons due to overcrowding

Question 13

19th Century: Reform and Moral Treatment

Answer 13

treatment began to improve, Doretha Dix helped start the belief of treating people with mental illnesses morally, good intention but declined again due to shortnesses in staff and money shortages

Question 14

Early 20th century: Dual Perspectives

Answer 14

Somatogenic thought of the illness being “physical” causes like the body, brain, biological reasons, Emil Kraeplin
Psychogenic thought the illnesses were due to psychological causes related to family, conflict, or personality, hypnotism came into play here, Sigmund Freud started outpatient therapy

Question 15

1950’s psychotropic medications

Answer 15

this lead to a rise in outpatient care, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antianxiety meds

Question 16

Nomothetic defintion

Answer 16

understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormality (clinical researchers use this)

Question 17

Idiographic definition

Answer 17

individualistic, understanding of the abnormal behavior, asses, diagnose, or treat individual clients (clinical practitioners use this)

Question 18

Case study. Does it have individual info? General info? Causal info? Statistical Analysis? Is it replicable?

Answer 18

Yes, no, no, no, no

Question 19

Correlational Method: Does it have individual info? General info? Causal info? Statistical Analysis? Is it replicable?

Answer 19

No, Yes, no, yes, yes

Question 20

Experimental Method: Does it have individual info? General info? Causal info? Statistical Analysis? Is it replicable?

Answer 20

no, yes, yes, yes, yes

Question 21

What is an IRB?

Answer 21

Institutional review board which is a committee of 5 or more members who review/monitor every study conducted at that institution

Question 22

What does the biological model focus on?

Answer 22

medical perspective, Abnormal functions are brought on by malfunctioning parts of an organism, mostly has to do with brain anatomy or chemistry

Question 23

Treatments used in biological method

Answer 23

Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and Psychosurgery

Question 24

Strengths and weaknesses of the biological model

Answer 24

S: respect in the field, constant new info, treatments bring relief
W: can limit understanding, too simplistic, and treatments can have huge side effects

Question 25

What does the psychodynamic model focus on?

Answer 25

oldest and most famous, behavior is largely determined by underlying dynamic psychological forces of which the person is unaware

Question 26

Who is the father of the psychodynamic model?

Answer 26

Sigmund Freud

Question 27

What did Sigmund Freud say shaped the psychodynamic model? 3 principles

Answer 27

id (guided by the pleasure principle), ego (guided by reality principle, seeks gratification), superego (guided by the morality principle unconsciously adopted by parents)

Question 28

What are some common defense mechanisms in the psychodynamic model?

Answer 28

Denial or rationalization

Question 29

Psychodynamic model uses various techniques which are what?

Answer 29

free association, therapist interpretation, catharsis, and working through

Question 30

Free association

Answer 30

just talking with the patient

Question 31

Therapist interpretation

Answer 31

Fantasies, resistance (not wanting to talk about something), transference (wish my husband was like yours), and dream interpretation

Question 32

Catharsis

Answer 32

emotional reaction, work through issues, maybe try to talk to your husband

Question 33

Strengths and weaknesses of the psychodynamic model

Answer 33

S: recognized developed theory, technique, and systematic treatment W: can quantify or run research on, non observable, unsupported ideas

Question 34

What does the Behavioral model focus on?

Answer 34

believes actions are determined by experiences in life, concentrates wholly on behavior, learning applies to this theory

Question 35

What are the 3 approaches to conditioning?

Answer 35

operant, classical, and modeling

Question 36

Operant conditioning

Answer 36

receiving rewards as a result of a behavior, working to obtain a reward

Question 37

Modeling

Answer 37

Observing and repeating a behavior

Question 38

Classical Conditioning

Answer 38

2 events repeatedly occur close together in time, become fused in a persons mind (phobias develop here and think of the dog and meat powder experiment)

Question 39

Treatments in the Behavioral model

Answer 39

Identify behaviors causing the problems and replace them with more appropriate ones, teachers rather than healers ex: Systematic desensitization (elevator)

Question 40

Strengths and weaknesses in the behavioral model

Answer 40

S: powerful in the field, can be tested in the lab, significant research support W: no evidence that symptoms are ordinarily acquired through conditioning, therapy is limited

Question 41

What does the Cognitive model focus on?

Answer 41

looking at the cognitive processes of fatly behaviors, thoughts and emotions. Illogical thinking processes like overgeneralization. Clinicians must ask questions about assumptions, attitudes, and thoughts of a client ex: social anxiety or phobias

Question 42

Treatments in the Cognitive model

Answer 42

Try to change the way the patient thinks, restructure thinking, new interpretations, this is used in treating depression Beck's cognitive therpy

Question 43

Strengths and weaknesses in the cognitive model

Answer 43

S: very broad, clinically useful and effective, research based, effective in several disorders W: therapies dont help everyone, some changes may not be possible to achieve

Question 44

What does the Humanistic and Existential model focus on?

Answer 44

combination model

Question 45

What are the two types of reliability?

Answer 45

test-retest and Interrater reliability

Question 46

Reliability refers to the

Answer 46

consistency of an assessment measure

Question 47

Validity refers to the

Answer 47

accuracy of the tools results

Question 48

What are the 3 types of validity?

Answer 48

face, predictive, concurrent