Exam 1 Flashcards
(58 cards)
Which of the following are NOT part of the triangle of health?
The ones that are apart of are Host, agent and environment
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of tertiary prevention?
The ones that are preventions of permanent disability, rehab and restoration.
Which of the following is NOT part of the 10 great public achievements in the USA?
a. healthier mother and babies
b. fluoridation of water
c. motor vehicle safety →
d. Diabetes
D. Diabetes
Which of the following is an example of a Quasi government?
Red Cross
T/F :
Risk factors are exposure or causal agents that make one more likely to suffer a disease or health
problem.
True
Prevalence vs Incidence?
Which definition is which?
A) ____ is to new cases of disease within a specific population during a given time.
B) ____ is to existing/ all cases of disease in a population at a point in time
A) Incidence
B) Prevalence
T/F:
Endemic is an occurrence of cases of disease where normally expected to be seen for that time,
place or group?
False because it would be an epidemic
What is Endemic?
Endemic is that the disease is constantly present in the community or population.
Life ______________ is the average length of life a person is likely to live.
Life expectancy
Which is not a leading health indicator?
➔ Physical activity ➔ Overweight obesity ➔ Responsible sexual behavior ➔ Immunization ➔ Tobacco use ➔ Substance abuse ➔ Environmental quality ➔ Access too health care ➔ Mental health ➔ Injury and violence
All of these are
Screening should be…?
Should be a routine procedure for all clinicians
Which of the following are true for a Clinical trial expect?
Clinical trials are:
➔ Experimental study where the investigator decides who belongs in which group.
➔ Decision as to group allocation can be done by random or nonrandom methods.
➔ Study may or may not have a control group.
What does randomization do?
- Reduce bias by the investigator or the subject regarding group allocation
- Evenly allocate subjects on bass of known and unknown characteristics
Cohort is ___________while a case study is ___________________.
Progression; retrospective
When the value of a RR is negative what does it mean?
Decreased risk (protective)
What are the advantages of cohort studies except?
a. Can calculate incidence rate and relative rate
b. Can examine many exposures
c. Efficient for the study of rare exposures
d. Establishes correct exposure and disease associations
C. Efficient for the study of rare EXPOSURES
___________ is more preferred over ____________ because it affords to eliminate similar variables as
confounders.
a. Pair, Group
b. Group, Individual
B. Group, Individual
What is the frequency matching of “group” to eliminate confounding factors?
- Distribution of cases and controls are similar on a known confounding factor Eg: if 20% OF CASES ARE 6064 YEARS OLD THEN 20% OF CONTROL ARE 6064 YEARS OLD.
- Commonly used
What are some advantages of “group” to eliminate confounding factors?
➔ Eliminates the variable as a confounder
➔ More efficient use of data
What are some disadvantages of “group” to eliminate confounding factors?
➔ Need to find cases before controls
➔ Can not assess association of matched variable with disease
What is the frequency of Pair(individual matching) to eliminate confounding factors?
Matches each case to a control on one or more confounding factors.
EG: if case is 45 years old female then match is 45 year old female (control).
What are some advantages of “Pair” to eliminate confounding factors?
Eliminates these variables as confounding factors
What are some disadvantages of “Pair” to eliminate confounding factors?
➔ Can be expensive and time consuming
➔ May not be able to find match result of lost case
All of these are disadvantages of case study control except?
a. Difficult to study timing of events
b. Requires a few subjects
c. Cannot calculate direct measure of risk
d. Can only study one disease per study
B. Requires a few subjects → this is an advantage
