Exam 1

Question 1

Fronting

Answer 1

Place of articulation is more anteriorly located.

Question 2

Backing

Answer 2

Front consonants are replaced with back consonants

Question 3

Gliding

Answer 3

Phonemes are replaced with /w/ or /j/

Question 4

Weak Syllable Deletion

Answer 4

Omission of an unstressed syllable

Question 5

Epenthesis

Answer 5

Addition of a phoneme, typically a schwa inserted between consonants

Question 6

Deaffrication

Answer 6

Producing a homorganic (same place) fricative in place of an affricate

Question 7

Vowelization

Answer 7

Replacement of phonemes (typically syllabics and central rhotic vowels) with a vowel

Question 8

Total Reduplication

Answer 8

Exact repetition of two syllables

Question 9

Palatalization

Answer 9

Replacing a non-palatal with a palatal phoneme

Question 10

Denasalization

Answer 10

Replacing nasal phonemes with homorganic (same place) stops

Question 11

Cluster Reduction

Answer 11

Simplifying a cluster by omitting one or more phonemes

Question 12

Coalescence

Answer 12

Combining features of two adjacent phonemes into a different phoneme with those features

Question 13

Devoicing

Answer 13

Replacing a voiced phoneme with a voiceless phoneme

Question 14

Initial Consonant Deletion

Answer 14

Omission of a word-initial consonant or syllable-initial consonant

Question 15

Affrication

Answer 15

Producing a same place affricate in place of a fricative

Question 16

Metathesis

Answer 16

Reversal of the position of two phonemes

Question 17

Depalatalization

Answer 17

Replacing a palatal with a non-palatal phoneme

Question 18

Final Consonant Deletion

Answer 18

Omission of a syllable-arresting consonant (0mitting a coda)

Question 19

Stopping

Answer 19

Producing a stop in place of a fricative, or omitting the fricative portion of an affricate

Question 20

Voicing

Answer 20

Replacing a voiceless phoneme with a voiced phoneme

Question 21

What is the study of the sound system of language, including rules that govern the spoken form?

Answer 21

Phonology

Question 22

What is the study of the structure of words?

Answer 22

Morphology

Question 23

What are the organizational rules denoting word, phrase, and clause order and sentence organization?

Answer 23

Syntax

Question 24

What is the study of linguistic meaning and vocabulary?

Answer 24

Semantics

Question 25

What is the study of the social use of language?

Answer 25

Pragmatics

Question 26

What components make up speech?

Answer 26

Articulation, fluency and voice

Question 27

What is the totality of motor movements involved in production of the actual sounds that comprise speech?

Answer 27

Articulation

Question 28

What kind of disorder is characterized by difficulty with motor production?

Answer 28

Articulation Disorder

Question 29

What kind of disorder is characterized by an impaired sound system?

Answer 29

Phonological Disorder

Question 30

What is the umbrella term for both articulation and phonological disorders?

Answer 30

Speech Sound Disorder

Question 31

What is the smallest linguistic unit able to distinguish one word from another?

Answer 31

Phoneme

Question 32

What symbol is used with phonemes?

Answer 32

Virgules / /

Question 33

What are speech sounds?

Answer 33

Physical sound realities

Question 34

What symbol is used with speech sounds?

Answer 34

Brackets [ ]

Question 35

What is a variation of a phoneme that does not change it's meaning?

Answer 35

Allophone

Question 36

What are the rules and allowed combinations in a language?

Answer 36

Phonotactics

Question 37

What are words that differ by just one phoneme?

Answer 37

Minimal pairs

Question 38

What is the phonemic inventory?

Answer 38

The list of all phonemes a child uses to distinguish meaning

Question 39

What is the phonetic inventory?

Answer 39

List of all speech sounds evident in the child's system.

Question 40

What has a relatively open vocal tract, no significant constriction, is highly resonant, and has the greatest amount of sonority?

Answer 40

Vowels

Question 41

What is the relative loudness or amount of energy in the signal called?

Answer 41

Sonority

Question 42

What are the characteristics of consonants?

Answer 42

The airstream encounters obstacles and there is significant constriction

Question 43

What are pairs that differ only in voicing called?

Answer 43

Cognates

Question 44

What are the parts within the vocal tract that actually move?

Answer 44

Organ

Question 45

What is the area in vocal tract that remains motionless?

Answer 45

Place

Question 46

What is the type of constriction the articulators produce?

Answer 46

Manner

Question 47

What is the presence or absence of vocal fold vibration?

Answer 47

Voicing

Question 48

What is the concept that articulators are continually moving into position for other sounds?

Answer 48

Coarticulation

Question 49

What are the changes by which one sound becomes similar or identical to another sound?

Answer 49

Assimilation or "harmony processes"

Question 50

What are the three parts of a syllable?

Answer 50

Onset, peak (nucleus), and coda

Question 51

What type of syllable have no coda?

Answer 51

Open syllables

Question 52

What is the nucleus plus the coda?

Answer 52

The rhyme

Question 53

What are consonants that can serve as the rhyme of a syllable?

Answer 53

Syllabic consonants

Question 54

What type of transcription is more general and based on phonemes?

Answer 54

Broad transcription

Question 55

What type of transcription details as much as possible, using extra symbols for accuracy?

Answer 55

Narrow transcription

Question 56

What is a diacritic?

Answer 56

A mark used for added precision and accuracy in transcription.