Exam 1

Question 1

What are the steps to make data useful?

Answer 1

Data Acquisition, Data Modeling, Extraction

Question 2

Name and Describe Data Provisioning

Answer 2

Data Provisioning is the process of providing users and systems with access to data. This includes the security authorizations to limit access to only those data which the user or system is officially permitted to view

Question 3

Replication

Answer 3

Data is copied from the source and transferred to the analysis system. This is done to keep the data intact. It is done in time or in batches

Question 4

Structured Data

Answer 4

Structured data is computer readable and usable. EX(databases, spreadsheets, flat files) Specific data types. Metadata is data about the data (meaning, context, purpose)

Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD)
Tables: Columns and Rows

Question 5

Unstructured Data

Answer 5

Unstructured data does not conform to a data model and or has associated metadata such as pictures, audio, video, tweet, reviews

Question 6

Relational Databases

Answer 6

Relationships between tables
Each row has a unique id called a primary key.

Connect liked tables with the primary key in another table called a foreign key.

Question 7

CRUD Anomalies

Answer 7

Read - Does not create an anomaly
Create Anomalies by repeating data already stored, combining data, possibly creating unstructured data.
Update anomalies- storing the same data in many different places
Delete anomalies- delete a row if data which affects another tables data.

Question 8

Describe Normalization

Answer 8

Normalization is the process of decomposing a database into more tables until the database is not longer susceptible to anomalies
Most common forms of anomalies
-First normal form(1NF)
-Second Normal form (2NF)
-Third Normal form(3NF) (Industry standard)

Question 9

1NF

Answer 9

Each table cell should contain a singe value

Each record needs to be unique

Question 10

2NF

Answer 10

Rule 1- Be in 1NF

Rule 2- Single Column primary key

Question 11

3NF

Answer 11

Rule 1- Be in 2NF

Rule 2- Has no transitive functional dependencies

Question 12

What is a transitive functional dependencies

Answer 12

A transitive functional dependency is when changing a non-key column, might cause any of the other non-key columns to change

Question 13

What are some examples of tagged data?

Answer 13

XML and HTML and JSON are examples of tagged data

Question 14

What is AI?

Answer 14

The Turing test is a test of a machines ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or extinguishable from that of a human

Question 15

Define Natural Language processing

Answer 15

NLP translates human voice and language into computer readable text using programming languages.

Examples:

• Speech recognition
• Sentiment Analysis

Question 16

Describe Transactional systems (TLP)

Answer 16

TLP store and process business data required for each of the business transaction cycles (OLTP)

• Sales
• Inventory

Designed to process transactions quickly, reliable and accurately

Question 17

OLTP

Answer 17

Three tiered architecture

• User interface
• Business Logic
• Data Services

Question 18

Informatational Systems

Answer 18

Informational Systems provide a place for data to be stored and prepared for analytical purposes.

• Data driven decisions
• Read only
• Data extracted from OLTP systems
• Referred to as Online Analytical Processing(OLAP

Question 19

Compare OLTP and OLAP

Answer 19

OLTP
Level of Detail – Very Detailed
Updatable - Yes
Speed – Quick on writing
Current - Must
Requirements -  Must be know

OLAP
Level of Detail – summarized data
Updatable – Read Only
Speed – Quick on reading
Current – Depends on extract
Requirements - Ambiguous

Question 20

Compare OLTP and OLAP Continued

Answer 20

OLTP
Historical Data – not normally kept
Data – sometimes compartmentalized
Availability – Needs to be 100%

OLAP
Historical Data – kept for analysis
Information – shared normally across company
Availability – Needs to be 100%

Question 21

What is an inner join?

Answer 21

The INNER JOIN selects all rows from both participating tables as long as there is a match between the columns

Question 22

What is an outer join?

Answer 22

The SQL OUTER JOIN returns all rows from both the participating tables which satisfy the join condition along with rows which do not satisfy the join condition.

Question 23

Pivot Tables and Terms related

Answer 23

Dashboards
Aggregate
Conditional Formatting
Sorting
-ABC
-Numerical 
-Chronological

Filtering

• Label
• Value

Ranking

• Top N or Bottom N
• Top % or Bottom %
• Combined

Calculations