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Sociology 100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Auguste Comte

A

Social Physics

  • 3 epistemological stages of human history
    - Theological Stage
    - Metaphysical Stage
    - Scientific Stage
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2
Q

Harriet Martineau

A
  • Translated Comte’s work into English
  • Example of earliest feminist social scientist
  • Authored first sociology book
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3
Q

Karl Marx

A
  • Historical materialism and economy

- Capitalism; conflict between capitalists and workers

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4
Q

Max Weber

A
  • Importance of ideas, culture, and religion
  • Verstehen and interpretive sociology
  • Famous study; The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
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5
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

How does society hold together?
Famous study: Suicide
Anomie; normlessness
Positivist Sociology: social world can be described and predicted by certain describable relationships

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6
Q

Georg Simmel

A

Georg Simmel
Formal Sociology; sociology of pure numbers
Fundamental difference between a group of two vs. a group of three or more

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7
Q

web Dubois

A

Pioneering black sociologist
Double consciousness: two behavioral scripts maintained by African Americans for moving through the world and incorporating the external opinions of prejudice onlookers

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8
Q

Jane ADDAMS

A

ful house

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9
Q

functionalism

A

Functionalism
Various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve important or necessary function to keep society running
Manifest and Latent Function
Organicism: society is like a living organism
Durkeheim
Critique: Reinforces status quo

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10
Q

conflict theory

A

Conflict Theory
Conflict between competing interests is the basic animated force of social change and society in general
Competition not consensus
Inequality exists as result of political struggles among different groups
Inequality is unfair

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11
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Symbolic Interactionism
Micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivation behind people’s actions
Erving Goffman
Dramaturgical Theory- look at life like a play

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12
Q

Feminist Theory

A

Feminist Theory
Emphasis on women’s experiences and belief that sociology and society in general subordinate women
Focus inequalities based on gender categories
How power relationships are defined, shaped, and reproduced on the basis on gender differences

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13
Q

Factors Needed to establish causation:

A

Factors Needed to establish causation:
Correlation
Time Order
Rule out alternative explanations

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14
Q

Hegemony- Antonio Gramsci

A

Condition by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary “consent” of the masses
Contrasts with domination

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15
Q

is Sample size dependent on population size?

A

No

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16
Q

Charles Horton Cooley

A

Looking Glass Self: Self emerges from our ability to assume the point of view of others and thereby imagine how they see us

17
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

I- One’s sense of agency, action, or power
Me- Self as one imagines perceive one
Other- someone or something outside of oneself
3 Stages:
Imitation stage
Play Stage
Game stage
Generalized other: internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings

18
Q

Dramaturgical Theory

A

Dramaturgical Theory
Erving Goffman
Views social life as a theatrical performance
Props, scripts, performance
Impression management
Face: the esteem in which the individual is held by others
Front stage vs. backstage

19
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

Ethnomethodology
Approach to studying human interaction
Focuses on how we make sense of the world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a mutually shared social order

20
Q

Status vs. Role

A

Status vs. Role
Status: recognizable social position
Role: duties and behaviors expected based on status

21
Q

Role strain and Role conflict:

A

Role Strain: the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status
Role Conflict: the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses

22
Q

dyads

A 
- Dyad:
Group of 2 
Most intimate form of social life
Members are mutually dependent
Symmetry must be maintained 
Voluntary
23
Q

tryad

A

Groups of 3 or more
Supra-individual (exists outside the individual)
Secrets can exist
Power politics

24
Q

Small Group

A 
Larger than triad
4 characteristics
-Face to face interaction 
-Unifocal (one center of attention at any given time)
-Lack of formal arrangements or roles
-Equality
25
Q

Party

A

Similar to small group, but it’s multifocal

26
Q

large group

A

Formal structure that mediates interaction

Status differentiation

27
Q

Primary Group

A 
Intimate face to face relationships 
Limited number of members 
Group is an end unto itself 
Group members are non interchangeable
Relationships are enduring 
Key agents of socialization
28
Q

secondary group

A

Group is impersonal
Instrumental; means to an end
Affiliation is contingent
Roles more important than the individuals who fill them

29
Q

strength of Weak ties
Mark Granovetter
Relatively weak ties often turn out to be valuable because they yield new information

A

strength of Weak ties
Mark Granovetter
Relatively weak ties often turn out to be valuable because they yield new information

30
Q

Organizational Structure and Culture

A

Organizational Structure: The ways in which power and authority are distributed within an organization
Organizational Culture: the shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group
How an organization is structured often affects the organizational culture

31
Q

3 types of networks

A

Tight-knitters: Densely woven friendship groups where nearly all of an individual’s friends are friends with each other
Sense of belonging and tremendous social support
Many were students of color
Help or pull down academically
Compartmentalizers: friends form in 2-4 clusters; friends know each other within clusters but rarely cross them
Had socially oriented clusters and academic
Most were white and middle class
Sense of belonging but can be demanding
Samplers: a friend or 2 from a variety of places but friends remain unconnected to each other
Generally academically successful but isolated
Friends were not generally describes as socially supportive
Follow up showed most had same structure except sampler; they became tight knitters
People in network might change but structure won’t

32
Q

Bonding vs bridging social capital

A

Bonding social capital: high levels of in group trust and more intense or strong social ties who are similar
Bridging social capital: high levels of generalized trust and less intense or weak social ties that connect people who are different from each other

Sociology 100 (1 decks)

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