Exam #1

Question 1

Primary Document

Answer 1

First-hand, from the authors

Question 2

Secondary Document

Answer 2

Commentaries

Question 3

What does communion of the saints mean?

Answer 3

all believers of Jesus are connected and united thorough him, both dead and live christians (Heb 12, Rev 5).

Question 4

What are the 4 types of History?

Answer 4

1. History as event
2. History as information
3. History as information
4. History as interpretation

Question 5

What is History as Event?

Answer 5

The event is absolute, but our knowledge of it never is. They are absolutely known only to God.

Question 6

What is History as Information?

Answer 6

Information about the event. From sources such as: archaeology, document, living memory. There is hard evidence and soft evidence - objectivity

Question 7

What is History as Inquiry?

Answer 7

Using inductive reasoning. Things can be wrong, subjective and biased.

Question 8

What is History as interpretation?

Answer 8

“a subjective interpretation of the past” - ex. Hamilton

Question 9

Define History

Answer 9

History is “the interpreted record of the socially significant human past, based on organized data collected by the scientific method from archaeological, literary, or living sources”

Question 10

Church History

Answer 10

Is the interpreted record of the origin, process, impact of Christianity on human society, based on organized data gathered by scientific method from archaeological, documentary, or living sources”

Question 11

Four main elements of good historical writing?

Answer 11

1. gathering
2. analysis and evaluation
3. apprehension
4. articulation

Question 12

What did Pelagius believe?

Answer 12

That we already have the grace that we need in order to receive salvation. With our free will we are able to discern between right and wrong without the divine.

Question 13

What year was the Synod of Orange?

Answer 13

AD 529

Question 14

What was the Synod of Orange?

Answer 14

Condemned Pelagianism and talked about how grace is utterly necessary for Christians. Ended Pelagian/Augustine debate and sided with Augustine. Also discussed the importance of baptism and salvation IF WE LABOR FAITHFULLY

Question 15

What did the Synod of Orange believe about baptism?

Answer 15

That it forgives all prior sins and regenerates the soul, making us able to believe and obey.

Question 16

What is the most Important question of the reformation?

Answer 16

How does God grant Grace?

Question 17

Evangelicalism

Answer 17

Salvation is grace ministered by the power of FAITH in the gospel of Christ

Question 18

Sacerdotalism

Answer 18

Salvation is grace ministered by the power of the SACRAMENTS of the church of Christ.

Question 19

What are the steps involved in Penance?

Answer 19

1. Contrition
2. Confession
3. Problem: Attrition
4. Absolution - te obsolve
5. Works of Merit
6. Satisfaction

Question 20

Penance is Incomplete without ________

Answer 20

works of merit

Question 21

Who taught about about Condign vs. Congruent Merit?

Answer 21

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 22

Condign Merit?

Answer 22

genuine merit, truly earned, insofar as the good works are the work of the Holy Spirit.

Question 23

Congruent Merit?

Answer 23

“half-merit” granted the undeserving by grace, insofar as the good works are the work of fallen humans.

Question 24

Dulia

Answer 24

Honor, given to saints

Question 25

Hyperdulia

Answer 25

highest honor. Given to Mary.

Question 26

Latria

Answer 26

worship. Given to God alone.

Question 27

What is purgatory?

Answer 27

antechamber to heaven where Christians (only) are purged of their sins

Question 28

What is the concept of purgatory based on?

Answer 28

Pope Gregory the Great had a dream - AD 600

Question 29

Eucharist

Answer 29

The Lord's Supper contains the real presence of Christ.

Question 30

Transubstantiation

Answer 30

Real presence - the bread BECOMES Christ's body

Question 31

What is the order of the seven sacraments of the Roman Catholic church?

Answer 31

1. Baptism 2. Conformation 3. Penance 4. Eucharist 5. Marriage 6. Holy orders (ordination) 7. Extreme unction = anointing of the sick

Question 32

7 Heavenly Virtues

Answer 32

(theological) 7. love 6. hope 5. faith (cardinal) 4. fortitude (courage in pain or adversity) 3. Temperance 2. Justice 1. Prudence

Question 33

The 7 Deadly Sins

Answer 33

7. gluttony 6. envy 5. lust 4. pride 3. sloth 2. greed 1. wrath

Question 34

Where is the Church of the East?

Answer 34

Mesopotamia, Asia

Question 35

Where is the Coptic Orthodox Church?

Answer 35

In NE Africa (coptic - Greek for Egyptian)

Question 36

Where is the Catholic Church?

Answer 36

Europe, Mediterranean, N. Africa, Near East

Question 37

The Catholic Church later divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodoxy Church as a result of ____________________

Answer 37

The Great Schism

Question 38

What are the Three Major Churches of the World ca. 1400?`

Answer 38

1. Church of the East 2. Coptic Orthodox Church 3. Catholic Church

Question 39

Great Schism 1054 AD

Answer 39

Happened because they couldn't agree on who to elect and the elected 2 popes and the antipope also appeared and the church split. Nestorian Controversy (church of the east). The patriach of constantinople and Rome excommunicated each other.

Question 40

What are the 4 Solas that came out of the reformation?

Answer 40

1. Sola Sciptura 2. Sola Gratia 3. Sola Fide 4. Solus Christus

Question 41

What are the dates of the Reformation?

Answer 41

1517-1648

Question 42

What year was Luther born?

Answer 42

1483

Question 43

What year did Luther vow to become a monk?

Answer 43

1505

Question 44

What year did Luther post the 95 theses?

Answer 44

1517

Question 45

What year did Pope Leo excommunicate Luther?

Answer 45

1520

Question 46

When was the Diet of Wurms?

Answer 46

1521

Question 47

What 4 new Churches arose from the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 47

1. Lutherans 2. Reformed 3. Anglicans 4. Anabaptists

Question 48

4th Lateran Council of 1215

Answer 48

Outside of Rome, most important theological meeting since the Synod of Orange. Here they decided the seven sacraments.

Question 49

What is a sacrament?

Answer 49

A visible sign of an invisible grace (Augustine) LATER The visible sign has to be instituted by Jesus during his earthly ministry for the blessedness of his church.

Question 50

Anethema

Answer 50

To declare a doctrine as damnedly heretical

Question 51

Dogma

Answer 51

Foundational Truth

Question 52

Doctrine

Answer 52

All sorts of truths

Question 53

Heterodoxy

Answer 53

Mixture of truths and error

Question 54

Heresy

Answer 54

Error so sever as to prevent the salvation of those who believe it.

Question 55

When was Luther ordained as a priest?

Answer 55

1507

Question 56

Crucial scripture passage for Luther finding true faith?

Answer 56

Romans 1:17

Question 57

What does penitence mean?

Answer 57

Contrition/Repentance

Question 58

Why is Phillip Melancthon important in Luther's story?

Answer 58

He teaches Luther Greek and he later writes the Augsburg confession

Question 59

Why is Fredrick the Wise important?

Answer 59

Kidnapped and held captive Luther to keep him safe

Question 60

What is a Papal Bull

Answer 60

A papal decree - the one sent to Luther was telling him to Recant!

Question 61

The Byzantine Empire (the greatest emperial expression of christian civilization) led to the Fall of __________

Answer 61

Constantinople

Question 62

The Guttenburg Bible (1455) sped up the process of?

Answer 62

The Bible being printed

Question 63

Luther's 3 reasons for not recanting? (Given at the Diet of Würms

Answer 63

1. Ancient church father's & their work 2. Clear reason (logic) 3. Proof from scripture to support him