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PSY 108: Developmental Psychology II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

* Chapter 8: Adolescence * Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood (65 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cultural aspect of puberty’s timing?

A

it is the age where puberty is being influenced by food production that can provide adequate nutrients and where there is a good health care protection

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2
Q

menarche

A

first period

good indicator of the start of puberty

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3
Q

spermarche

A

when males first produce sperm

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4
Q

cultural differences in puberty in Kikuyu

A

boys show puberty before females

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5
Q

cultural differences in puberty in China

A

girls develop pubic hair before breasts

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6
Q

cultural difference in puberty in African Americans

A

develop breast buds and pubic hair earlier

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7
Q

early matured girls

A 
depressed
negative body view
eating disorders
substance use
aggressive behavoir
school problems
conflict with parents
short & heavy appearance
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8
Q

early matured boys

A

are seen as more attractive to young girls once secondary sex characteristics develop:
favorable body image
higher popularity

more involved in:
deliquency
sex
drugs

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9
Q

late maturing boys

A

higher levels of
alcohol use
substance use
lower school grades

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10
Q

late maturing girls

A

NO PROBLEMS

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11
Q

what hormones go through changes in puberty

A

estrogen (estradiol)
4x high in females
2x high in males

androgen (testosterone)
20x high in males
4x high in females

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12
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

production of eggs and sperm, and development of sex organs

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13
Q

female primary sex characteristics

A

born w all their eggs

during menarche the egg turns into an ovum (mature egg)

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14
Q

male primary sex characteristics

A

not born w sperm
produce sperm during puberty

produce millions of sperm a day

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15
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

body changes in puberty that is NOT related to reproduction:
pubic hair
voice changes
increased sweat and skin oils

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16
Q

overproduction/ exuberance

A

a sharp increase in synaptic connections in frontal lobe

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17
Q

skills in frontal lobe

A

planning ahead
solving problems
making moral judgements

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18
Q

synaptic pruning

A

decline in synapses that aren’t being used

IN THE FRONTAL LOBES

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19
Q

myelination

A

keeps brain’s electrical signals on one path and increases the speed

encourages efficiency in thought

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20
Q

growth of cerebellum in puberty

A

lower part of cortex

involves:
music 
math
understanding humor
decision making
social skills

LAST STRUCTURE OF BRAIN TO STOP GROWING

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21
Q

what are puberty rituals

A

mark the transition of childhood into adolscence

countries can have rituals for menarche
circumcision is still common

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22
Q

what are puberty legends for girls

A

menstral blood may be considered dangerous to crops, livestock, and people

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23
Q

what are puberty legends for boys

A

may be required to show feats of courage, strength, or pain, and endurance

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24
Q

what are eating disorder behaviors

A

fasting
use of diet products
laxatives
purging

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25
common eating disorders
anorexia nerviosa bulimia
26
anorexia nerviosa
intentional starvation 1. inability to maintain weight that is normal for their height 2. fear of weight gain 3. lack of menstruation 4. distorted body image seeing it more commonly in boys treatment options hospitalization and medication
27
bulimia
binge eating with purging 1. fear of weight gain 2. can damage teeth from repeated vomitting
28
female circumsicion
is common in africa rates of over 70% in many countries above 90% in Mali, Egypt, Somalia, and Djibouti
29
secular trend
change in the characteristics of a population over time the downward pattern in the age of menarche
30
eating disorder prevalence and onset
15% of girls and 16% of boys are actually over weight in the US 20% of american adolescent girls and 10% of boys report engaging in eating disorder behavior within the past month In germany, one third of girls and 15% of boys report symptoms of eating disorders In Finland, 24% girls and 16% boys have eating disorder behavior 90% of all eating disorders occur among females 0.3% of american adolescents have anorexia and 0.9% have bulimia
31
the 4 categories of adolescent substance
experimental (try a substance once) social (substance use during social activities) medicinal ( relieve an unpleasant emotional state) addictive (when one has become dependent)
32
substance use- rates by ethnicity
is highest among Native Americans, Whites, Latino, African American, and Asian American
33
transition to emerging adulthood
late teens to mid 20s used to be marked by: marriage parenthood stable work
34
what is the median age of marriage
late 20s or early 30s
35
five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood
1. age of identity explorations: explore possibilities in love and work 2. age of instability: constant moving out of home(s) 3. the self focused age: develop knowledge, skills, and self understanding 4. the age of feeling in between: feel like an adult in some ways 5. the age of endless possibilites: many different futures seem possible
36
what is the most distinctive characteristic of emerging adulthood
age of identity explorations
37
what is required for emerging adulthood to exist***
*****
38
the major health risk for emerging adults
STI's
39
what is the important criteria for becoming an adult****
****
40
sleep debt
sleep less and make up for it on the weekend or during the holiday
41
percentage of college students that report frequent severe sleep disturbances
one fourth
42
sleep disturbances are related to...
the daily routines of their lives are set mostly by older adults who are likely to have different sleep preferences lifestyle factors (partying all night long, waiting to study the night before a test)
43
why does the US have a higher rate of death for emerging adults from motor vehicle accidents
in other countries the driving age is older and there is less access to automobiles
44
what are two major contributing factors to motor accidents for emerging adults
(1) inexperience (2) risky behavior the way young people drive and the risks they take driving under the influence less likely to wear seat belts
45
post formal thinking
follows formal operations advances in pragmatism and reflective judgement (pragmatism: adapts logical thinking to the practical constraints of real life situations)
46
formal operations
between eleven years old into adulthood reasoning through word problems that involve forming a conclusions about an hypothetical situation in which abstractions of physical objects pertain.
47
dialectical thought
a growing awareness that problems have no clear solution and has 2 opposing POVs that each have its merit
48
dualistic thinking
there is either right or wrong, true or false, but there is no in between LACK REFLECTIVE JUDGEMENT
49
reflective judgement
the capacity to evaluate the accuracy and logical coherence of evidence and argument
50
gains in reflective judgement that take place in emerging adulthood are due to....
education people who pursue a college education during emerging adulthood show greater advances in reflective judgement than people who do not
51
time of completion for post secondary education (tertiary education) in Japan
4 years of sanctioned activities to think | relaxed and undeamanding
52
time of completion for post secondary education (tertiary education) in Europe
specialized uni's 6+ years to complete it culminated in a degreen to US masters or doctoral degree
53
time of completion for post secondary education (tertiary education) in US
2 years general education 6 years to get a degree main reason is financial
54
tuition increased from 1982 to 2007
tuition is now 4x higher than before in public AND private school
55
benefits of tertiary education
``` higher earnings and occupational status verbal and quantitive skills oral and written communication distinct identity social confidence increase in self concept ```
56
bicultural identity
one part of their identity is rooted from their local culture and the other part is from awareness of their relation to global culture moving back and forth between cultures and using when appropriate to the situation
57
assimilation
leaving behind the original culture and adapting to ways of the majority culture
58
marginality
rejecting the original culture but feeling rejected by majority culture
59
separation
associating only with the ways of original culture and rejecting ways of the majority culture
60
age of political activism
low among emerging adults tend to be more skeptical more involved in movements
61
what is the percentage of american amerging adults "returning to the nest"
40%
62
consensual validation
people like to find in others a match with their own characteristics
63
accidental abstainers vs active abstainers
active abstainers are virgins because they have chosen to wait rather than because they had no opportunity for sex
64
what is the percentage of young adults using social networking
90%
65
what is the percentage of gender's viewing internet pornography
87% of young men in US 31% of young women in US 98% of young men in Sweden 72% of young women in Sweden

PSY 108: Developmental Psychology II (3 decks)

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