Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Primary Care 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(120 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cholesterol screening

A

Age 35 for men, 45 for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mammogram screening

A

Every 2 years from age 50-74

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bone mineral density screening

A

> 65 years old one time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sports physical should be deferred if

A

Sudden death in family <50 years old, disabling cardiac disease <50 years, cardiomyopahty, long QT syndrome, arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

medical necessity

A

What was done (CPT) + why it was done (ICD10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Payment for service is based on

A

work effect, practice expense, and malpractice expense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Level 2 CPT

A

Problem focused
Brief HPI
Perform and document 1-5 elements
Straightforward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Level 3 CPT

A

Expanded problem focused
Brief HPI and problem focused ROS
Perform and document at least 6 elements
Low complexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Level 4 CPT

A

Detailed
Extensive HPI, ROS and pertinent family and social history
Perform and document at least 2 elements from 6 areas or 12 elements from 2+ areas
Moderate complexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Level 5 CPT

A

Comprehensive
Comprehensive history, extended HPI, extended ROS, complete ROS, complete family and social history
Perform and document at least 2 elements from 9 areas
High complexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medicare eligibility

A

<65, disabled
Part A: hospital
Part B: outpatient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect true positives; ability to detect a disease
SnNout: if low probability of disease, you want to rule it out and so would use a sensitive test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specificity

A

Ability to detect true negatives; ability to detect absence of disease
SpPin: if high probability of disease, rule it in and use a specific test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medications for acute bronchoconstriction

A

beta 2 agonist, ipatropium, systemic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment of anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine first line

H1 and H2 blockers second line (diphenhydramine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of bites/stings

A

Local wound care, removal of stinger, ice patch, antihistamine for itchijng, topical steroids for inflammation, antibiotics for secondary infection, NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment for scabies/lice

A

Permethrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Abx for Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline 100mg 2 tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S/S of allergies

A

Sclera erythema and injection, allergic shiners, swollen and pale turbinates, tonsillar enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurogenic hypotension

A

Failure of pulse to increase with a decrease in BP

Symptoms occur with postural changes, prolonged standing, dehydration, alcohol, carb heavy meals, heat exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment for hypotension in normotensive person

A

Fludrocortisone (volume expander)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment for hypotension if hypertension when supine

A

Midodrine (sympathomimetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment for hypotension if hypertension when standing

A

Pyridostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most common cause of syncope

A

Vasovagal: vasodilation, bradycardia, paradoxical systemic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
nonpainful, progressive loss of visual acuity, blurry and hazy vision with halos or glare with bright lights
Cataracts
26
Tx for cataracts
Surgery
27
Most common cause of blepharitis
Staph aureus
28
Treatment of blepharitis
Lid hygiene with warm compresses for 5-10 minutes | May apply thin layer of erythromycin or bacitracin gel
29
Acute onset of red eye with excessive watery discharge
Viral conjunctivitis
30
Thick purulent discharge in both eyes that are sticky and glued shut in the morning
Bacterial conjunctivitis
31
most common organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis
Staph aureus in adults | H. influenzae and strep pneumoniae in children
32
Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
Trimethoprim-polymyxin B or fluoroquinolone drops 4 times per day for 1 week
33
Itchy eyes with clear or stringy white discharge
Allergic conjunctivitis
34
Giant papillary conjunctivitis, cobblestone pattern of large bumps on eversion of upper lid
Vernal conjunctivitis
35
Epidemiology
study of health-related determinants and distribution/control of disease/health problems
36
Epidemic
``` outbreak limited in time + location (SARS in 2003) short duration (<2 weeks) ```
37
Pandemic
epidemic extending to entire community or large part of world (AIDS)
38
Endemic
remains persistent in area for long period of time (Hep B in China)
39
Epidemiologic triad
host, vector, environment, agent
40
Sudden onset eye pain, foreign body sensation, blurry vision, redness, tearing, light sensitivity
Corneal abrasion
41
Dx for corneal abrasion
Topical fluorescein dye | Epithelium repairs itself in 5 days
42
Seek emergency care with corneal abrasion if
RSVP (redness, sensitivity to light, vision changes, pain
43
Meds that can cause dry eye
Anticholinergic, antihistamines, TCAs, alpha blockers, antihypertensives, steroids
44
Unilateral or bilateral ear fullness or hearing loss, otalgia, itching, discomfort, tinnitus
Cerumen impaction
45
Conductive hearing loss causes
Impacted ceremun, infections of outer ear, tumors, fibrotic stenosis, TM perforation, scar tissue, barotrauma
46
Causes of sensorineural hearing loss
Inner ear infection, meniere disease, trauma, CN8 disorder
47
Gradual hearing loss with aging
Presbycusis
48
Meds that can cause ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides, antineoplastics, salicylates, furosemide, quinine
49
Brief severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, disequilibrium lasting a few days followed by vertigo and disequilibrium with rapid head movement that may last weeks to months; hearing intact
vestibular neuritis
50
Tx of vestibular neuritis
• Anticholinergics and antihistamines first line o Meclizine 25-50mg every 6 hours is commonly used • Benzodiazepines reserved for patients who cannot take drugs with anticholinergic effects • Can start steroids during acute phase of vertigo—methylprednisone once daily for 22 days beginning with 100mg and tapering down every 3 days
51
Chronic condition with 4 symptoms: dizziness, low frequency sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, feeling of fullness in affected ear
Meniere disease
52
Dx test
Sound will lateralize to UNAFFECTED ear in Weber test; AC>BC on Rinne test
53
Tx for Meniere
No cure-- refer
54
Patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus should be tested for
syphilis and Lyme disease
55
pain in affected ear developing over 48 hours, feeling of fullness and itching, pain on palpation of tragus and repositioning auricle; canal erythematous and edematous; canal filled with debris and sloughed tissue
OE
56
Tx OE
 Topical ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin: safe for patients with nonintact TM  Aminoglycosides: Neomycin-Polymyxin B (TM must be intact)
57
rapid onset otalgia, worse in prone position; may have hearing loss, imbalanace, mild stuffiness, fullness or popping sensation in ear
OM
58
Tx of OM
Amoxicillin
59
Sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal and pharyngeal itching in relation to an allergen exposure
Allergic rhinitis
60
Tx allergic rhinitis
Intranasal steroids 1st line | 2nd gen antihistamines + nasal decongestant 2nd line
61
Most common cause of bacterial sinusitis
strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis
62
nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, headache worse when leaning forward, fever, fatigue, postnasal drip (Causes sore throat and coughing), yellow/green discharge
Sinusitis
63
Tx viral sinusitis
1st generation antihistamine, NSAID, decongenstant, cough suppressant
64
Tx for bacterial sinusitis
Augmentin 1st line | Doxy or azithromycin if penicilin allergy
65
DOC for dental abscess
Penicillin or clindamycin
66
Findings are always unilateral with tonsil typically displaced down and medially; uvula is edematous and displaced to opposite side; hot potato voice
Peritonsillar abscess
67
marked erythema of throat and tonsils, patchy and discrete white or yellowish exudate, pharyngeal petechiae, tender anterior cervical adenopathy; may have scarlet fever rash and strawberry tongue
Strep pharyngitis
68
Tx for strep throat
Penicillin 500mg BID 10 days | Infectious until 24 hours after abx
69
Sudden onset sore throat, fever, malaise, cough, headache, fatigue, rhinitis, congestion, cough with sputum
viral pharyngitis
70
fatigue, headache, high fever, tonsillar hypertrophy, white to grat exudates, petechiae on palate and posterior cervical adenopathy
Mono
71
Examples of diagnostic tests
Amnio, cardiac cath, colposcopy, chest x ray
72
Patient swallowing a lot and bleeding nose
Posteriir epistaxis | send to ED
73
OE prophylaxis
Vinegar and alcohol in ear before swimming
74
DOC for recurrent OM or treatment failure with amoxicillin
Augmentin
75
Throbbing pain in eye, irregular pupil shape, marked phototobia, redness around iris
Iritis
76
Most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss
Presbycusis
77
Feeling of curtain coming down over eye
Retinal detachment
78
Absence of red reflex
Cataracts
79
Effective tx for tinnitus
CBT
80
How to relieve barotrauma of ears
Nasal steroids and oral decongestants
81
halos around lights, severe eye pain and redness
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
82
Decreased peripheral vision
Primary open angle glaucoma
83
Immediate goal of myringotomy/tube placement in child with recurrent OM
Removal of supporative and mucosal material releasing the pressure
84
Keratoconjunctivitis
Dry eye
85
Night vision impacted
Cataracts
86
Frequent prescription changes
Cataracts
87
3 components of evaluation and management guidelines
history, physical exam, medical decision making
88
When can you code by time
if >50% of visit was spent discussing options with patient
89
CBC can detect
Infection, anemia, clotting problems, blood cnancer, immune disorders
90
CMP can detect
kidney and bone disease, neurologic disorder, diabetes, kidney function, nutrition, liver injury, gallstones
91
Pathophys of anaphylaxis
Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, increased HR, increased glandular secretions Bronchoconstriction, coronary vasoconstriction, peripheral vasodilation
92
In kids with anaphylaxis, must consider
foreign body aspiraton, congenital alformation, SIDS, acute asthma, syncope, panic attack, pulmonary emboli
93
Lyme disease tx for kids
Amoxicillin
94
Medication for symptomatic bradycardia
Atropine 0.5mg IV every 3-5 minutes
95
Heart rhythms to refer immediately to ED
New onset A Fib, atrial flutter, VT, SVT
96
Precipitants of tachycardia
nicotine, exercise, stimulants, medications, anxiety, pregnancy, CAD, CHF, ischemia, electrolytes imbalances, toxins, infection, hypovolemia
97
Antihistamine of choice for food allergen
Oral diphenhydramine
98
Cardiac causes of syncope
mechanical or obstructive processes or arrhythmias
99
Neurologic causes of syncope
Autonomic failure, vasovagal, situational, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, TIA
100
Other causes of syncope
hypoglycemia, postprandial hypotension, psych causes
101
Physical exam for syncope
CV, neuro, fundoscopic, orthostatic hypotension
102
Leading cause of blindness worldwide
cataracts
103
Physical exam findings for cataracts
No injection, corneal opacification, pupils normal, absent or decreased light reflex
104
burning, foreign body sensation, tearing, phototobia, itching, redness, discharge, swollen erythematous eyelids worse in the morning
Blepharitis
105
If staph infection of blepharitis
tobramycin 0.3% 4 times per day
106
White, thick and ropy discharge from eye
Atopic conjunctivitis
107
What is contraindicated with corneal abrasion
Steroids and anesthetics
108
Epithelium of eye repairs itself in
5 days
109
dryness, foreign body sensation, burning/stinging, pain, itching, ocular fatigue, redness, light sensitivity
Dry eye syndrome
110
Long term tx of dry eye syndrome
Cyclosporine emulsion 0.05%
111
When can you not irrigate ears with fluid
ruptured ear drum, tympanostomy tubes or recent ear surgery
112
Risk factors for presbycusis
Genetics, medications, infection, exposure to smoke, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes
113
Hearing in vestibular neuritis
Intact
114
What to rule out with meniere disease
AOM, acoustic neuroma, cerebellar tumors, diabetes, thyroid disease, teriary syphilis
115
Symptom relief of meniere disease
Meclizine and promethazine (antiemetic)
116
OME
Fluid present in middle ear without s/s of inflammation; TM gray; pain mild
117
Second line for allergic rhinitis
``` oral antihistamines (loratadine, cetrizine fexofenadine) Combine with nasal decongestant ```
118
Vasomotor rhinitis
Nonallergic, noninfectious cause of perennial nasal congestion and rhinorrhea; no itchiness of eyes and nose or sneezing Occurs in response to environmental triggers such as cold air ,strong smells, irritants, change in weathr Does not respond to antihistamine
119
Tx of thrush
Nystatin
120
Tx of oral herpes
Topical acyclovir or valacyclovir

Primary Care 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions