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Maternal Infant > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary goal of maternal and child health nursing

A

the promotion and maintenance of optimal family health to ensure cycles of optimal childbearing and childrearing

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2
Q

2020 national health goals for maternal/infant

A
  1. increase quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities;
  2. increase number of pregnant women receiving early prenatal care;
  3. increase number of full term infants who are put on their backs to sleep;
  4. increase number of infants who are breastfed until 6 months;
  5. reduce physical violence directed at women by male partners;
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3
Q

QSEN (6 factors)

A

patient centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, informatics

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4
Q

“birth rate”

A

The number of births per 1,000 population

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5
Q

“fertility rate”

A

The number of pregnancies per 1,000 women of childbearing age

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6
Q

“fetal death rate”

A

The number of fetal deaths (over 500 g) per 1,000 live births

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7
Q

“neonatal death rate”

A

The number of deaths per 1,000 live births occurring at birth or in the first 28 days of life.

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8
Q

“perinatal death rate”

A

The number of deaths during the perinatal time period (beginning when a fetus reaches 500 g, about week 20 of pregnancy, and ending about 4 to 6 weeks after birth); it is the sum of the fetal and neonatal rates.

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9
Q

“maternal mortality rate”

A

The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births that occur as a direct result of the reproductive process.

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10
Q

“infant mortality rate”

A

The number of deaths per 1,000 live births occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life.

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11
Q

“childhood mortality rate”

A

The number of deaths per 1,000 population in children aged 1 to 14 years.

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12
Q

“wrongful birth”

A

a legal cause of action in some common law countries in which the parents of a congenitally diseased child claim that their doctor failed to properly warn of their risk of conceiving or giving birth to a child with serious genetic or congenital abnormalities.

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13
Q

“wrongful life”

A

a legal action in which someone is sued by a severely disabled child (through the child’s legal guardian) for failing to prevent the child’s birth.

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14
Q

“wrongful conception”

A

a medical malpractice claim by parents that arises. from the negligent performance of a sterilization procedure

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15
Q

Culture-specific values

A

norms and patterns of behavior unique to one particular culture.

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16
Q

Culture universal values

A

refers to values, norms, and patterns shared across almost all cultures.

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17
Q

Ethnicity

A

refers to the cultural group into which a person was born, although the term is sometimes used in a narrower context to mean only race.

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18
Q

Race

A

a social construct, refers to a category of people who share a socially recognized physical characteristic, often skin color or facial features. It can also refer to a group of people who share the same ancestry.

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19
Q

Acculturation

A

refers to the loss of ethnic traditions because of disuse.

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20
Q

Cultural assimilation

A

means people blend into the general population or adopt the values of the dominant culture.

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21
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

the belief one’s own culture is superior to all others.

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22
Q

Cultural awareness

A

being aware cultural differences exist.

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23
Q

Cultural competence

A

respecting cultural differences or diversity.

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24
Q

Cultural humility

A

is a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique that begins, not with an assessment of a patient’s beliefs, but rather with an assessment of your own.

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25
Q

What would you look for in a general home assessment?

A

mold, lead, electricity, running water etc.

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26
Q

home environmental assessment includes:

A

a. safety
b. oxygen therapy
c. space
d. patient support
e. electricity
f. environment: smoking, insects, rodents
g. nutrition

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27
Q

beginning age of menstruation:

A

range of 9-17 years of age

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28
Q

Length of menstrual cycle:

A

average is 28 days, but can be 23-35 days

29
Q

What initiates menstrual cycle?

A

hypothalamus releases GnRH (luteinizing hormone)

30
Q

What is responsible for maturation of ovum?

A

FSH from the pituitary gland

31
Q

What is responsible for ovulation (release of mature egg)?

A

LH (luteinizing hormone) - most active in midpoint of cycle

32
Q

1st Phase of Mentrual Cycle is called:

A

Proliferative Phase - d. Immediately after a menstrual flow (which occurs during the first 4 or 5 days of a cycle), the endometrium, or lining of the uterus, is very thin, approximately one cell layer in depth. As the ovary begins to produce estrogen (in the follicular fluid, under the direction of the pituitary FSH), the endometrium begins to proliferate so rapidly the thickness of the endometrium increases as much as eightfold from day 5 to day 14. This first half of a menstrual cycle is interchangeably termed the proliferative, estrogenic, follicular, or postmenstrual phase.

33
Q

2nd Phase of Menstrual Cycle is called:

A

Secretory Phase - f. After ovulation, the formation of progesterone in the corpus luteum (under the direction of LH) causes the glands of the uterine endometrium to become corkscrew or twisted in appearance and dilated with quantities of glycogen (an elementary sugar) and mucin (a protein). It takes on the appearance of rich, spongy velvet. This second phase of the menstrual cycle is termed the progestational, luteal, premenstrual, or secretory phase.

34
Q

3rd Phase of Menstrual Cycle is called:

A

Ischemic Phase - h. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum in the ovary begins to regress after 8 to 10 days, and therefore, the production of progesterone decreases. With the withdrawal of progesterone, the endometrium of the uterus begins to degenerate (at about day 24 or day 25 of the cycle). The capillaries rupture, with minute hemorrhages, and the endometrium sloughs off.

35
Q

4th Phase of Menstrual Cycle is called:

A

Menses - j. Menses, or a menstrual flow, is composed of a mixture of blood from the ruptured capillaries; mucin; fragments of endometrial tissue; and the microscopic, atrophied, and unfertilized ovum.
k. Menses is actually the end of an arbitrarily defined menstrual cycle. Because it is the only external marker of the cycle, however, the first day of menstrual flow is used to mark the beginning day of a new menstrual cycle.

36
Q

What is genetics?

A

study of the way such disorders occur

37
Q

Define homozygous

A

A person who has two like genes for a trait—two healthy genes, for example (one from the mother and one from the father)—is said to be homozygous for that trait.

38
Q

Define heterozygous

A

If the genes differ (a healthy gene from the mother and an unhealthy gene from the father, or vice versa), the person is said to be heterozygous for that trait.

39
Q

Late closure of fontanelles could indicate:

A

Down syndrome

40
Q

Bossing (prominent forehead) could indicate:

A

Fragile X syndrome

41
Q

Microcephaly (small head) could indicate:

A

Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13

42
Q

Low-set ears could indicate:

A

Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13

43
Q

Slant of eyes could indicate:

A

Down syndrome

44
Q

Epicanthal fold could indicate:

A

Down syndrome

45
Q

Abnormal iris color could indicate:

A

Down syndrome

46
Q

Large Tongue could indicate

A

Down Syndrome

47
Q

Prominent jaw could indicate:

A

Fragile X syndrome

48
Q

Low-set hairline could indicate:

A

Turner Syndrome

49
Q

Multiple hair whorls could indicate:

A

Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13

50
Q

Webbed neck could indicate:

A

Turner syndrome

51
Q

Wide-set nipples could indicate

A

Trisomy 13

52
Q

Heart disorders could indicate:

A

many syndromes

53
Q

Large hands could indicate:

A

fragile X syndrome

54
Q

Clinodactyly (curved little finger) could indicate:

A

Down syndrome

55
Q

Overriding of fingers could indicate:

A

Trisomy 18

56
Q

Rocker-bottom feet could indicate:

A

Trisomy 18

57
Q

Abnormal fingerprints could indicate:

A

down syndrome

58
Q

Simian crease on palm could indicate:

A

down syndrome

59
Q

Absence of secondary sex characteristics could indicate:

A

Klinefelter syndrom, Turner syndrome

60
Q

Preimplantation Diagnostic Test (timing, process, risks, results)

A

Timing: day 3 or 5 of embryo
Process: cell samble obtained prior to implantation in mother during in vitro
Risks: invasive to embryo - risk of destruction
Results:

61
Q

Nuchal Translucency Test (timing, process, risks, results)

A

Timing: 11-14 weeks
Process: ultrasound to assess thickness at fetus neck; maternal blood draw
Risks: noninvasive
Results: screening for trisomy 18

62
Q

cfDNA Test (timing, process, risks, results)

A

Timing: 11+ weeks
Process: maternal blood draw
Risks: non invasive
Results: screen for

63
Q

Chorionic Villi Sampling Test (timing, process, risks, results)

A

Timing: 10-12 weeks
Process: biopsy of placenta
Risk: invasive; risk of miscarriage
Results:

64
Q

Maternal Quadruple Marker Screen Test (timing, process, risks, results)

A

Timing: 15-20 weeks
Process: maternal blood draw
Risk: non invasive
Result: screening for trisomy 18

65
Q

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis whose parents are intensely interested in all aspects of his condition and care. Which is the most effective way of advocating for this child and family?

a) Teaching the parents how to perform chest physiotherapy
b) Helping parents access the area’s multidisciplinary cystic fibrosis clinic

A

Helping parents access the area’s multidisciplinary cystic fibrosis clinic

66
Q

When integrating the principles of family-centered care, the nurse would include which concept?

A

People have taken increased responsibility for their own health.

67
Q

Which of the following is a likely reason for a woman to have an unassisted birth?

a) lack of health insurance
b) A belief that unassisted birth will increase the ability to bond with and take responsibility for her child.

A

A belief that unassisted birth will increase the ability to bond with and take responsibility for her child.

68
Q

The nurse is organizing health information to teach a client basic principles that will help maintain wellness in the family. Which actions should the nurse prioritize in this teaching?

a) Encouraging yearly checkups for all clients.
b) Teaching a client how to give injections

A

encouraging yearly checkups for all clients.

69
Q

When assessing the postpartum client 2 hours after giving birth, which finding indicates the need for further action?

a) The fundus is firm and located 1 fingerbreadth above the level of the umbilicus.
b) The fundus is firm and deviated sharply to the right side of the abdomen.

A

The fundus is firm and deviated sharply to the right side of the abdomen.

Maternal Infant (1 decks)

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