Exam 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Form and structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

functions

Question 3

Saggital Plane

Answer 3

Divides body into left and right

Question 4

Transverse Plane

Answer 4

Divides body into front and back

Question 5

Dorsal Plane

Answer 5

Divides body into top and bottom

Question 6

proximal

Answer 6

towards

Question 7

distal

Answer 7

away from

Question 8

palmar

Answer 8

bottom of front feet

Question 9

plantar

Answer 9

bottom of back feet

Question 10

barrel

Answer 10

body/stomach

Question 11

brisket

Answer 11

chest

Question 12

brachium

Answer 12

almost the chest but more lateral

Question 13

dorsal cavity contains

Answer 13

CNS (cranial and spinal cavity)

Question 14

Thorax

Answer 14

chest

Question 15

thorax contains

Answer 15

heart, lungs, esophagus, blood vessels

Question 16

abdomen contains

Answer 16

digestive urinary and reproductive organs

Question 17

thoracic cavity lining

Answer 17

pleura

Question 18

abdominal cavity lining

Answer 18

peritoneum

Question 19

Pleura and peritoneum both have

Answer 19

visceral layer, potential space, parietal layer

Question 20

pleura inflammation

Answer 20

pleuritis

Question 21

peritoneum inflammation

Answer 21

peritonitis

Question 22

cell

Answer 22

basic unit of life

Question 23

tissue

Answer 23

group of specialized cells

Question 24

system

Answer 24

group of organs

Question 25

organ

Answer 25

group of tissues working together

Question 26

homeostasis

Answer 26

maintaining dynamic equilibrium

Question 27

health

Answer 27

state of normal anatomy and physiology

Question 28

disease

Answer 28

when structures or functions become abnormal

Question 29

histology

Answer 29

study of tissues

Question 30

Types of tissues

Answer 30

1. Epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. nervous

Question 31

epithelial tissue

Answer 31

- forms boundary from environment; protects, secretes, absorbs and filters - lining of digestive organs and hollow organs - skin surface (epidermis)

Question 32

Nervous tissue

Answer 32

internal communication (brain, spinal cord, nerves)

Question 33

Muscle tissue

Answer 33

contracts to cause movement

Question 34

connective tissue

Answer 34

binds other tissue together; supports, protects, insulates, stores, transports - most abundant and widely distributed

Question 35

Two types of epithelial tissue

Answer 35

1. Covering and Lining Epithelia | 2. Glandular Epithelia

Question 36

Covering and Lining Epithelia

Answer 36

on external and internal surfaces

Question 37

Glandular Epithelia

Answer 37

Secretory tissue in glands

Question 38

Characteristics of Epithelial tissue

Answer 38

1. Polarity 2. Specialized contacts between cells 3. Supported by connective tissues (reticular lamina) 4. Avascular, but innervated 5. can regenerate

Question 39

Polarity of epithelial tissue (2)

Answer 39

1. Apical surface | 2. Basal surface

Question 40

Apical surface (epithelial tissue)

Answer 40

exposed to exterior or cavity - most have microvilli (incr. SA) - some have cilia (lining of trachea)

Question 41

Basal surface (epithelial tissue)

Answer 41

lower, attached sheet that functions as adhesive -glycoprotein and collagen fibers lie adjacent to basal surface and acts as filter and scaffolding for cell migration in wound repair

Question 42

Epithelial classifications

Answer 42

- number of cell layers | - shape of cells

Question 43

Epithelial classifications: number of cell layers

Answer 43

- simple: one | - stratified: mulitple

Question 44

Epithelia classified by cell shape in:

Answer 44

apical layer - regenerate from below - stratified more durable

Question 45

Epithelial classifications: shape of cells

Answer 45

- Squamous: flattened - Cuboidal: cube-shaped - Columnar: column-like

Question 46

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 46

- Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtartion in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae - located in lining of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

Question 47

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 47

- secretion and absorption | - located in kidney tubules, ovary surface

Question 48

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 48

- absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, etc; ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action - located in gallbladder, some regions of uterus, nonciliated type lines most of digestive tract

Question 49

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 49

- secrete substances (mucus), propulsion of mucus by ciliary action - located in nonciliated type in male's sperm-carrying ducts, ciliated variety lines the trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

Question 50

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 50

- protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion - nonkeratinized forms moist linings of mouth, esophagus, vagina - keratinized forms the epidermis of skin, a dry membrane

Question 51

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 51

- rare - found in some sweat and mammary glands - Typically 2 cell layers thick

Question 52

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 52

Limited distribution in body - small amts in pharynx, male urethra - only apical layer columnar

Question 53

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 53

- Stratches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ - lines the ureters, bladder and part of urethra

Question 54

Glandular Epithelia

Answer 54

- gland: secrete fluid - classified by: sitw of product release (endocrine/exocrine) - Relative number of cells forming the gland (unicellular or multicellular)

Question 55

Endocrine Glands

Answer 55

- ductless glands - secrete hormones that travel through lymph or blood to their specific target organs - target organs respond in some characteristic way

Question 56

Exocrine Glands

Answer 56

-secretions released onto body surfaces or into body cavities