Exam 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are five subspecialties of biomedical engineering?
Biomechanics Biomaterials Biomedical Imaging Bioinformatics Bioinstrumentation
Tissue Engineering
The practice of combining scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules into functional tissues.
Personalized Medicine
tailoring medical decisions, practices, interventions, and/or produces based on an individual patient’s biomarkers.
Ions
molecules with either a negative or positive net charge
Ionic Bonding
formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Cation
a positively charged molecule caused by the loss of electrons
Anion
a negatively charged molecule caused by the gaining of electrons
Covalent Bonds
when electrons are shared
Polar molecules
molecules with a partial positive charge at one pole and partially negative at the other
Nonpolar molecules
charges in the molecule are distributed evenly
Hydrogen bonding
occurs when partially positive hydrogen is attracted to a partially negative atom in a molecule (O, N, F)
Macromolecules
larger sized molecules resulting from repeated smaller molecular units
Molecular Complexes
collections of molecules held together by multiple weak bonds. They’re a singular molecular unit held together by covalent or ionic bonds.
Enzyme
a molecular complex that occurs when some molecules bind to specialized proteins, which speeds up chemical conversion to another form. a catalyst for biochemical reactions
Solvent
a substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
Hydrophilic
(water-loving) water-soluble molecules or ions that can form hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic effect
(water-fearing) when molecules aggregate together to avoid water.
Protein folding
when a long macromolecule of amino acids forms a 3D biologically active protein molecule
Amphiphilic
molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. ex. phospholipids
Enthalpy
the measure of the amount of internal energy of a compound
Enthalpy Change
∆〖H^°〗_f
