Exam #1

Question 1

what are 5 biological events that happen during pregnancy

Answer 1

Fertilization of the egg by the sperm
Implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus
Embryonic or fetal growth and development
Placental development and function
Maternal changes related to the pregnancy

Question 2

Each gamete, egg or sperm contain what of the genetic material of individual

Answer 2

half

Question 3

Union of egg (ovum) + sperm =

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

Zygote forms where

Answer 4

in fallopian tubes

Question 5

Sperm must what in order to be viable

Answer 5

must be uniform size, highly mobile, secrete enzymes to dissolve egg membrane

Question 6

Progesterone stimulates what

Answer 6

decidua, which supplies nutrition for embryo for up to 8 weeks

Question 7

what supplies nutrition for first 5 days

Answer 7

endometrium

Question 8

zygote travels down tube for how many days

Answer 8

6 days

Question 9

the placenta does what

Answer 9

Prevents direct exchange blood: mother/fetus

Endocrine gland, secretes essential hormones

Question 10

full term pregnancy lasts how last and is divided into how many semesters

Answer 10

last 40 weeks

three trimesters

Question 11

preembryonic stage is when

Answer 11

first 14 days

Question 12

embryonic stage is when

Answer 12

day 15 - week 8

Question 13

fetal stage is when

Answer 13

end of week 8 until birth

Question 14

Gametogenesis is what

Answer 14

=process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.

Question 15

Cleavage of cells is a

Answer 15

rapid process of cell division by mitosis of the zygote

Question 16

clevage occurs approximately 30 hours after fertilization.

Answer 16

know this

Question 17

Genetic defect def

Answer 17

abnormality which occurs at conception

Question 18

Congenital defect def

Answer 18

abnormality in structure or function

Question 19

Congenital defects account for what % of births

Answer 19

3-4% of all live births

Question 20

for genetic counseling what is the Goal and what should be obtained

Answer 20

goal is to identify risk

Genetic history should be obtained using a questionnaire or checklist

Question 21

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Occur when

Answer 21

the entire chromosome, or a large segment of a chromosome, is missing, duplicated or otherwise altered

Question 22

chromosomal abnormalities can be detected how

Answer 22

Many of these abnormalities can be detected through prenatal screening

Question 23

Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) causes what in fetus→

Answer 23

fetal/neonatal syphilis, fetal hydrops, prematurity, distress

Question 24

Toxoplasmosis causes what →

Answer 24

fetal growth restriction, hydrocephaly, seizures, neuro/cognitive effects

Question 25

Other/Hepatitis B causes what →

Answer 25

chronic hepatitis B infection

Question 26

Rubella causes what →

Answer 26

CNS defects, developmental delay, deafness, cataracts, cardiac defects, IUGR

Question 27

Cytomegalovirus causes what → h

Answer 27

hearing loss, blindness, enlarged liver and spleen, seizures, neurodevelopmental disabilities

Question 28

Herpes Simplex causes what→

Answer 28

spontaneous abortion, fetal/neonatal neurological damage, seizures, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal bleeding, infant death, herpetic lesions

Question 29

Gametogenesis=

Answer 29

process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.

Question 30

Full term means

Answer 30

Full term 9 solar months, 10 lunar months 40 weeks 3 trimesters

Question 31

Development Def

Answer 31

Development refers to the sequence of physical, psychosocial, and cognitive developmental changes that take place over the human lifespan.

Question 32

development occurs When

Answer 32

as a simultaneous and ongoing interrelationship with three processes of change: growth differentiation maturation

Question 33

: | Freud-development of pleasures

Answer 33

-pleasure centers significantly impact the development of personality Birth-12 months=oral stage

Question 34

Erikson’s-psychosocial development

Answer 34

- eight stages of conflict | Birth-12 months=trust vs mistrust

Question 35

Piaget-cognitive development

Answer 35

-(a progression from illogic to logic, concrete-abstract, simple-complex) Birth- 2 years=sensory motor period

Question 36

Kohlberg

Answer 36

-moral development | Moral reasoning begins to develop in the first level at 18 months-5 years

Question 37

Contemporary def

Answer 37

= reviewed and appraised early development theories and challenge us to think about development in a new light.

Question 38

Neonatal | Infant-1 month to 12 months of age

Answer 38

-birth to 28 days of age

Question 39

Infant

Answer 39

-1 month to 12 months of age

Question 40

Erikson’s bond def:

Answer 40

The bond that occurs with parent is the foundation for forming trust in the world for the development of future interpersonal relationships. Infant needs maximum gratification/minimum frustration

Question 41

Cognitive development: Piaget Sensorimotor period Reflexes •Responses following stimulation •Rooting and sucking reflex: assists survival

Answer 41

•Mastering simple coordination activities through senses and motor activity

Question 42

Cognitive development: Piaget | Reflexes

Answer 42

* Responses following stimulation | * Rooting and sucking reflex: assists survival

Question 43

Bilateral and symmetrical

Answer 43

= both sides develop at the same rate.

Question 44

differentiation is the

Answer 44

division of cells from undifferentiated (simple) cells to more specialized (complex) cells. Development occurs in the same manner, developing from simple operations to complex, in all areas of development (physical, cognitive, social, and emotional).

Question 45

Cephalocaudal phase def

Answer 45

Head to toe | EX: can control head before trunk/extremities

Question 46

Proximodistal phase:

Answer 46

Midline to periphery | Ex: control of shoulders before hands, hand before fingers

Question 47

Differentiation phase:

Answer 47

Simple to complex | EX: gross motor before fine motor

Question 48

Maturation:

Answer 48

Increased competence because of changes in structural complexity that make higher function possible Learning cannot occur unless individual is mature enough to understand/control behavior

Question 49

Learning:

Answer 49

Process of gaining knowledge/skills from exposure, education, experience

Question 50

``` Piaget in Sensorimotor phase Birth to age 1 month: Ages 1 to 4 months: primary circular reactions-do primitive actions achieve the goal-infant sucks on fist to ease hunger Ages 4 to 8 months: secondary circular reactions-infant intends to cause things to occur based on a previous response-infant blows bubbles to make us laugh Imitation Play Affect ```

Answer 50

use of reflexes

Question 51

Piaget in Sensorimotor phase Ages 1 to 4 months:

Answer 51

primary circular reactions-do primitive actions achieve the goal-infant sucks on fist to ease hunger

Question 52

Piaget in Sensorimotor phase Ages 4 to 8 months:

Answer 52

secondary circular reactions-infant intends to cause things to occur based on a previous response-infant blows bubbles to make us laugh Imitation Play Affect

Question 53

Influences on growth

Answer 53

Gender Age Genetics Environment (e.g., prenatal/postnatal exposures, nutrition, culture, parenting, infections, injuries)

Question 54

Growth rate not steady (infancy vs. school-age) | Different body parts grow at different rates

Answer 54

know this

Question 55

Primary prevention aims to

Answer 55

prevent disease or birth defect

Question 56

Secondary prevention aims to

Answer 56

reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and treating

Question 57

Functional ability:

Answer 57

The physical, psychological, cognitive, and social abilities to carry out the normal activities of life.