Exam 1

Question 1

Transports water and minerals upwards from roots to all aerial parts

Answer 1

Xylem

Question 2

Carries sugars and various organic compounds as well as minerals and water throughout the plant.

Answer 2

Phloem

Question 3

Produce embryos but disperse spores

Answer 3

Seedless nonvascular and seedless vascular

Question 4

Produce spores but disperse embryos within seeds

Answer 4

cone-bearing plants and flowering plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms)

Question 5

Spores or seeds disperse singly

Answer 5

Seedless non-vascular, seedless vascular and gymnosperms

Question 6

True or False

All algae are monophyletic

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or False

Photosynthetic organisms are monophyletic

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Land plants share MRCA with multicellular, freshwater ____ ____

Answer 8

Green algae

Question 9

What is the endosymbiont theory?

Answer 9

Postulates that a prokaryote evolved to the level of having a membrane-bounded nucleus

Question 10

What stages of a life cycle are ALWAYS unicellular?

Answer 10

Spores, gametes, and zygotes

Question 11

All land plants have what type of life cycle?

Answer 11

Heteromorphic dibiontic life cycles

Question 12

What processes or steps are present in all dibiontic life cycles and absent in all monobiontic life cycles?

Answer 12

Spores, sporophytes, gametophytes, and at least one multicellular structure

Question 13

What specific step is different between haploid-dominant monobiontic and dipoloid-dominant monobiontic life cycles?

Answer 13

Mitosis occurs just after fertilization in diploid-dominated monobiontic life cycles

Question 14

What specific step is different between unicellular and multicellular monobiontic life cycles?

Answer 14

After mitosis, the daughter cells separate from one another in unicellular organisms

Question 15

True or False

One of the major innovations of early vascular plants was small gametophytes

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False

Eukaryotic body plans and life cycles were derived from prokaryotes

Answer 16

False, they are derived from algae

Question 17

True or False

Eukaryotic metabolism and physiology are derived from prokaryotes

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False

Seedless plants produce spores and seed plants do not.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

True or False

Life cycles of non-vascular plants have dominant gametophyte phase and vascular plants have dominant sporophyte phase.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or False

Seedless plants release sperm cells into the environment but seed plants do not.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False

Seedless plants release spores into the environment but seed plants do not.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or False

Seedless plants have gametophytes that are more physiologically independent compared to the gametophytes of seed plants.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

All land plants are oogamous, meaning they produce what?

Answer 23

Small, mobile sperm cells and large, non-motile egg cells

Question 24

One important consequence of producing ovaries for flowering plants is:

Answer 24

They can be modified in numerous ways to enhance seed dispersal

Question 25

Seeds evolved once __________________ were retained and allowed to develop while still attached to the mother plant.

Answer 25

Megaspores

Question 26

Gymnosperms are some of the largest and oldest organisms on earth. Which feature of gymnosperms (that is NOT present in seedless vascular plants) facilitated the vast increase in size and longevity of gymnosperm sporophytes compared to seedless vascular plant sporophytes?

Answer 26

Movement of the entire male gametophyte to the female gametophyte

Question 27

List 3 features that distinguish land plants from animals

Answer 27

- Animals do not have cell walls - Animals do not produce spores - Animals do not undergo alternation of generations

Question 28

List 3 features that distinguish land plants from fungi

Answer 28

- Fungi do not have cell walls made of cellulose, they are made of chitin - Fungi do not rely on photosynthesis but rather absorb nutrients from organic matter in their environment. - Fungi do not undergo alternation of generations

Question 29

List 3 features that distinguish land plants from algae

Answer 29

- Algae do not have a waxy cuticle or stomata as land plants do - Algae are not monophyletic like land plants - Algae do not have multiple chloroplast per cell, but rather typically have one single chloroplast

Question 30

List 3 features that distinguish land plants from photosynthetic prokaryotes

Answer 30

- Photosynthetic prokaryotes are unicellular - Photosynthetic prokaryotes do not use chlorphyll a and b for photosynthesis - Photosynthetic prokaryotes are not monophyletic