Exam 1

Question 1

ΔGrxn?

Answer 1

ΔGrxn= nG(products) - nG(reactants)
or
ΔGrxn=ΔHrxn -TΔSrxn
or
ΔGrxn= -TΔSuniv

Question 2

ΔHrxn?

Answer 2

ΔHrxn= nH(products) - nH(reactants)

Question 3

ΔSrxn?

Answer 3

ΔSrxn= nS(products) - nS(reactants)

Question 4

ΔSsys?

Answer 4

ΔSrxn

Question 5

ΔSsurr?

Answer 5

-ΔHrxn/T

Question 6

ΔSuniverse?

Answer 6

ΔSsys + ΔSsurr

Question 7

How to calculate kelvin?

Answer 7

273.15 + ºC

Question 8

Temperature when switches from spontaneous to non-spontaneous?

Answer 8

T= ΔHrxn/ΔSrxn

if T < 0, then always spontaneous

Question 9

Arrhenius equation?

Answer 9

k= Ae^(-Ea/RT)
or
lnk= (-Ea/RT) + lnA

Question 10

What is A in the Arrhenius equation?

Answer 10

The frequency factor

Question 11

What does entropy measure?

Answer 11

Disorder, more order, less entropy

Question 12

When is a rxn spontaneous?

Answer 12

When ΔGrxn < 0
or
When ΔSuniv > 0

Question 13

Formula of rate law?

Answer 13

Rate=k[A]^x[B]^y

Question 14

What to do when calculating a fraction after a time?

Answer 14

A ratio of after the time over initial time

Question 15

How to increase rate?

Answer 15

Increase temp./ conc./ catalyst, SA

Question 16

What is the overall order?

Answer 16

Sum of all orders

Question 17

When is a rxn at equilibrium?

Answer 17

If ΔG or ΔS = 0

Question 18

When is the slope -k?

Answer 18

0 and 1st order rxns

Question 19

When is the slope k?

Answer 19

2nd order rxn

Question 20

How to know the overall rate law given mechanistic steps?

Answer 20

The slowest step determines the rate, therefore the rate law of the slowest elemental step

Question 21

An increase in what means a higher entropy?

Answer 21

Microstates