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DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function > Exam 1 9/13 Davenport Intro to Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Exam 1 9/13 Davenport Intro to Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of connective tissue

A

Forms a continuum with other epithelial tissue, muscle and nervous tissue, and other components of connective tissue to maintain a well integrated body

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2
Q

Where does most connective tissue derive from?

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

Where does cranio-facial connective tissue derive from?

A

Ectomesenchyme

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4
Q

CT composition

A

cells, ECM (fibers + ground substance)

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5
Q

What type of fibers are found in CT ECM?

A

collagen, reticular, elastic

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6
Q

What are the components of ground substance in CT ECM?

A

GAGs, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, extracellular fluid

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7
Q

What GAGs are found in ECM ground substance?

A

Hyaluron, chondroitin-4 & -6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratin sulfate I and II, heparin sulfate

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8
Q

Where is hyaluronic acid found?

A

most connective tissue, synovial fluid, cartilage, dermis, vitreous humor, umbilical cord

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9
Q

Where is keratan I and II found?

A

Keratan sulfate I - cornea
Keratan sulfate II - cartilage

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10
Q

Where is heparan sulfate found?

A

Blood vessels, lung, basal lamina

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11
Q

Where is chondroitin-4-sulfate found?

A

Cartilage, bone, cornea, blood vessels

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12
Q

Where is chondroitin-6-sulfate found?

A

Cartilage, Wharton’s jelly, blood vessels

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13
Q

Where is dermatan sulfate found?

A

Heart valves, skin, blood vessels

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14
Q

CT cells have 2 major groups, which are:

A

Fixed cells; transient cells

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15
Q

Examples of fixed cells CT

A

fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, adipose cells, mast cells, macrophages

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16
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

help maintain fibrous components of ground substance

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17
Q

Pericytes

A

associates with blood vessels

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18
Q

How do fibroblasts stain?

A

Pale staining nucleus but defined nucleolus

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19
Q

How do adipocytes stain?

A

Circular, white cells - most of cytoplasm has fat

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20
Q

Where can you find adipocytes?

A

Around neurovascular bundles; ex mentioned is a fat pad around the kidneys as a shock absorber

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21
Q

Difference between brown and white fat cells

A

Brown - droplets of fat within cytoplasm
In white adipose, these droplets coalesce to form bigger cells

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22
Q

How does mast cell stain?

A

Lots of blue secretory granules

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23
Q

Histamine

A

Vasodilator; increases vascular permeability, causes contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, increases mucus production

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24
Q

Those with allergies have higher number of:

A

IgE antibodies on basophil cells

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25
____ is an anticoagulant and inactivates histamine
Heparin
26
What does macrophage look like?
Very large, kind of amoeboid
27
Examples of transient cells CT
plasma cells, leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes)
28
Where do plasma cells derive from?
B lymphocytes that have interacted with antigen
29
Plasma cells produce and secrete:
antibodies
30
True or false: elastin fibers in the periodontal ligament stains
False - there is no elastin, the microfibrils stain
31
Collagen vs elastin structure
Collagen - axial periodicity, elastin has soft elastin core and intertwined microfibrils
32
Functions of CT
structural support, medium of exchange, defense and protection, storage of fats
33
Classification of CT (3)
Embryonic CT, CT proper, Specialized CT
34
Types of Embryonic CT
mesenchymal, mucous
35
Types of CT proper
Loose, Reticular, adipose, dense
36
Types of specialized CT
Cartilage, mineralized CT, blood
37
Mineralized CT examples
bone, cementum, dentin
38
Where is mesenchymal CT found?
embryo
39
Where is mucous CT found?
umbilical cord
40
Where is reticular fibers found?
stroma, liver, lymph
41
Types of cartilage
Hyaline, Elastic, fibrocartilage
42
Cartilage definition
form of connective tissue composed of cells called chondrocytes and highly specialized ECM
43
Hyaline cartilage - describe matrix and what type of collagen?
homogenous amorphous matrix of Type II collagen
44
Elastic cartilage has what type of collagen and fibers?
Elastic fibers and lamellae, Type II collagen
45
_____ has large bundles of Type I collagen between rows of chondrocytes
Fibrocartilage
46
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Articular ends of long bones, ventral rib cartilage, templates for endochondral bone formation, trachea
47
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Pinna of the ear, auditory canal, laryngeal cartilages
48
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Intervertebral discs, pubic symphisis
49
In hyaline cartilage, chondrocytes are found in:
Lacunae
50
Describe structure of hyaline cartilage
Thin collagen fibrils (type 2), normally does not exhibit 67-68nm banding, arranged in felt-like pattern. Does not have axial periodicity, hard to see
51
Which GAGs are in hyaline cartilage?
hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate
52
Describe hyaline cartilage matrix
1. chondroitin and keratan sulfates are joined to a core protein (proteoglycans form) 2. hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates are bound to thin collagen fibrils 3. highly hydrated
53
True or false: in hyaline cartilage, ground substance components are uniformly distributed
False - higher concentration of GAGs closer to cell because matric is hard to diffuse through
54
Perichondrium
Firmly attached connective tissue in inner cell layer and outer fibrous layer
55
Where is perichondrium found?
Around cartilage
56
Describe elastic cartilage
presence of elastin in the matrix, contains cells in lacunae and a perichondrium
57
Fibrocartilage components
Consists of chondrocytes and their territorial matrix in combination with dense connective tissue; NO perichondrium
58
Cartilage arises from:
mesenchyme
59
Cartilage is capable of what kinds of growth?
Appositional, interstitial
60
True or false: cartilage has extensive ability to repair
False - ability is limited
61
Calcification
generally replaced by bone

DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function (23 decks)

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