Exam 1

Question 1

What does a Neuron do?

Answer 1

electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

Question 2

Label parts of a Neuron

Answer 2

Dendrite
Nucleus
Cell body (soma)
Axon
Myelin

Question 3

Axon/Dendrite

Answer 3

Axon: Away
Dendrite: Coming in, destination

Question 4

Neurons that fire together, wire together

Answer 4

Neurons that fire together, wire together

Question 5

Neuropathways

Answer 5

You become entrenched in anger, sadness, etc when you go there day after day

Question 6

Parts of the brain

Answer 6

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 7

Frontal lobe

Answer 7

executive functions
planning, organizing, problem solving
impulse control, decision making, memory
controlling behavior/emotions

Grows dramatically birth - adolescents

Question 8

Parietal lobe

Answer 8

integrate sensory information from parts of body.
sensory cortex
symbols, reading, writing, language, math

Question 9

Temporal lobe

Answer 9

Recognizing/processing sound, understanding/producing speech, memory, common fears, listening/talking to others

Question 10

Occipital lobe

Answer 10

vision, shapes, colors, receiving and processing

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

Located at the back/bottom of brain

balance, movement, coordination, motor control

celebrity with bells, coordination/balance

Question 12

Brain stem

Answer 12

breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, digestion

Question 13

Pituitary gland

Answer 13

regulates and releases hormones, overall well being

depression, sex drive

Question 14

Thalamus

Answer 14

Motor control, receive auditory sensory signals, relays to different places in brain (relay station)

Hal and Amos cops directing sensations

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

helps regulate temperature, hunger, thirst, mood, releases and controls hormones (works in conjunction with pituitary gland)

Hypo the llamas, spraying them down because they are hot and thirsty (hot flashes)

Question 16

Hippocampus

Answer 16

memory, orient ourselves to surroundings, navigate

Hippo with compass, finding way because he forgot where home is

Question 17

Amygdala

Answer 17

formation and storage of memories, fight or flight

Amy brain - fight or flight

Question 18

Corpus callosum

Answer 18

connects the two hemispheres

Question 19

Mirror neuron

Answer 19

watching someone else is like doing an activity yourself (getting tense/charged about football).

When you make a face/see a face, your brain functions the same

most basic social brain system, not necessary if you dont want to relate to others

Question 20

Brodmann’s area

Answer 20

Identified parts of the brain as to what emotion it evokes. Some people believe it, many dont

Question 21

Sulcus/Gyros

Answer 21

Sulcas: grove (sulk, down)
Gyros: lumps

Question 22

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 22

problem solving, emotion, complex thought

Question 23

Motor association cortex

Answer 23

coordination of complex movement

Question 24

Cortical Homunculus

Answer 24

Pictoral representation of the anatomical divisions of the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 25

Primary motor cortex

Answer 25

initiation of voluntary movement (frontal lobe) Frontal sulcas between this and primary somatosensory cortex

Question 26

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 26

receives tactile information from the body (parietal lobe) largest portion of sensory: hands Frontal sulcas between this and primary motor cortex

Question 27

Sensory association area

Answer 27

Processing of multisensory information

Question 28

Visual association area

Answer 28

complex processing of visual information

Question 29

Visual cortex

Answer 29

detection of simple visual stimuli

Question 30

Wernicke's area

Answer 30

language comprehension, understanding

Question 31

Broca's area

Answer 31

language production and articulation

Question 32

Auditory association area

Answer 32

complex processing of auditory information

Question 33

auditory cortex

Answer 33

detection of sound quality (loudness, tone)

Question 34

Left/Right body brain connection

Answer 34

left side damage = right side impairment

Question 35

Aphasia

Answer 35

disorder caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control language. Making it hard to read, write, and say what you intend.

Question 36

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 36

loss of the ability to understand language, person can speak clearly, but the words put together make no sense "word salad"

Question 37

Broca's aphasia

Answer 37

Prevents a person from producing speech, person can understand language, words are not properly formed, speech is slow and slurred (typically from stroke)

Question 38

Lateralization

Answer 38

Right hemisphere believed to be better at non verbal tasks and interpretation of emotional expression, visuo-spatial functions and non verbal memory, creative, music (for non musicians) Left hemisphere: logical, linear, sequential, music (for musicians)

Question 39

Draw and label a neuron!

Answer 39

Draw and label a neuron!

Question 40

Synapse

Answer 40

structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise)

Question 41

Neurotransmitter

Answer 41

chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses

Question 42

Soma

Answer 42

The soma is the cell body of a neuron

Question 43

White matter

Answer 43

contains nerve fibers. Many of these nerve fibers (axons) are surrounded by a type of fat called myelin.

Question 44

Grey matter

Answer 44

Grey matter contains neural cell bodies, in contrast to white matter, which does not and mostly contains myelinated axon tracts. (cerebral cortex)

Question 45

Limbic system

Answer 45

brain structures that lies on both sides of the thalamus. Includes the hippocampus and amygdala. It supports a variety of functions, including emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory. Primarily responsible for our emotional life, and has a great deal to do with the formation of memories.

Question 46

Neuroplasticity

Answer 46

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

Question 47

Cerebral cortex

Answer 47

layer of the brain often referred to as gray matter. It is the outer portion of the cerebrum.

Question 48

Hemispheres

Answer 48

Two hemispheres seperated by the corpus callosum