Exam 1 Flashcards
(60 cards)
In response to environmental conditions, the average beak size in a population of birds may change between successive generations. The process of change is referred to as ____
Microevolution
After several generations of selectively breeding mice in a laboratory, Ted Garland and his colleagues established populations of mice that voluntarily chose to run great distances on exercise wheels. The process of establishing these populations of mice is termed ____
Artificial selection
A useless or rudimentary body part that is thought to have been important in ancestral populations but no longer has a known function is termed a(n)
Vestigial structure
The transitional fossil Archaeopteryx shows a combination of traits consistent with hypothesis that it shared a common ancestor with ___
Dinosaurs and birds
Varieties produced under domestication via artificial selection most generally have traits that ___
Are not typically well adapted in a wild setting
Where do tomatoes come from
Western South America
Radioactive dating techniques have demonstrated that Earth was formed approximately ___years ago
4.6 billion
Processed pseudogenes are useful for testing Darwin’s theory of descent with modification because they
accumulate mutations at a constant rate, and thus older processed pseudogenes should be shared by a greater variety of species.
Nonfunctional copies of normal genes, which lack both introns and promoters, can be used to estimate evolutionary ages of phylogenetic relationships, are __
processed pseudogenes
Anatomical features that show an underlying structural similarity even though their superficial structure is different are termed ____ structures
homologous
Darwin studied and wrote extensively about the mechanism known as artificial selection. It is similar to natural selection except ____
artificial selection produces varieties that would be less likely favored in nature
Which of the following does not measure fitness?
nymph color
An example of a random evolutionary process is
mutation
Which of the following is not an accurate statement?
Populations evolve traits by natural selection that will be useful for future environmental changes
Genetic hitchhiking is…
Change in the frequency of alleles due to positive selection on a linked locus
Evolution by natural selection …
can be tested observationally and experimentally
Which of the following class of cytokine receptors utilize G protein coupled receptor for its downstream function
chemokines receptors
when Pitx1 is knocked out of mice
they die
What is the source of adaptation in TTX-resistant gartner snakes?
Mutation
What is the effect of the delta32 allele of CCR5 on HIV binding?
introduces a premature stop codon into the CCR5 receptor locus, resulting in a nonfunctional receptor (no binding)
Which event contributed to present day geographic distribution of the delta 32 allele of CCR5?
We don’t know
Researchers studying freshwater vs. marine populations of stickleback fish discovered that differential expression of the gene Pitx1 was associated with the presence of spines and the reduction of pelvis. Why were mutations in regulatory regions of Pitx 1, rather than mutation of Pitx 1 itself, the most likely explanation of the changes in the pelvis structure?
Developmental genes such as Pitx 1 are highly conserved
Which of the following traits cannot evolve by natural selection?
a non-heritable trait
Altruism is a type of interaction between individuals that results in
one individual (the one instigating the interaction) incurring a fitness cost while the other individual benefits
