Exam 1

Question 1

4 Growth forms of vascular plants

Answer 1

1. grasses
2. grass-like
3. forbs
4. shrubs/trees

Question 2

Grasses

Answer 2

• jointed stems
• hollow between the joints
• leaves are in two rows along the stem
• no showy flowers

Question 3

Grass-like

Answer 3

looks like grass but has solid stems without joints

• stems are often triangular
• veins are parallel
• sedges and rushes

Question 4

Sedges have ________, rushes are __________, both of them have _______ that come out of the ground

Answer 4

edges
round
leaves

Question 5

Forbs

Answer 5

• herbaceous
• stems and leaves dies back each year
• veins are in a net pattern
• range wildflowers and weeds
• most poisonous plants are

Question 6

Shrubs + trees

Answer 6

• woody plants
• shrubs have several main stems
• trees usually have a single/dominant plant
• usually have broad leaves, needles or scales
• defenses against grazing

Question 7

Annuals

Answer 7

live for one growing season (winter or summer)

Question 8

Perennials

Answer 8

constant recycle until it dies, extensive root systems

Question 9

Cool-season

Answer 9

-flower in the early summer, forage during spring/fall, summer forage at high elevation, adapted to cold and wet seasons

Question 10

Warm-season

Answer 10

• most growth in warm summer, flower from mid-summer to early fall, summer forage

Question 11

2 groups of flowering plants

Answer 11

monocot and dicot

Question 12

Monocot

Answer 12

usually grasses. Parallel venation

Question 13

Dicot

Answer 13

usually, forbs and shrubs netted venation

Question 14

root systems (2)

Answer 14

• fibrous

- taproot

Question 15

fibrous root system

Answer 15

hair-like, monocots, evolved first

Question 16

Taproot system

Answer 16

primary central roots, often dicots

Question 17

Stolon vegetative reproduction

Answer 17

above ground, slender, so grasses

Question 18

Rhizome vegetative repro

Answer 18

below ground, bulky, most bunchgrasses

Question 19

two stem types

Answer 19

• caulescent

- acaulescent

Question 20

Caulescent

Answer 20

apparent stem

Question 21

Acaulescent

Answer 21

stemless or lacking a defined stem

Question 22

Parts of a leaf (4)

Answer 22

Blade
margin
petiole
veins

Question 23

Leaf arrangements

Answer 23

basal, alternate, opposite, whorled, fascicled.

Question 24

Attachment of leaf

Answer 24

clasping, sessile, petiolate, sheathing

Question 25

type of leafs

Answer 25

simple or compound

Question 26

shape of leaves

Answer 26

linear, elliptic, lanceolate, ovate, obovate

Question 27

venation of leaves

Answer 27

parallel, pinnate, palmate, netted

Question 28

margin of leaves

Answer 28

pinnately lobes, palmately lobes, entire, serrated, scalloped, toothed

Question 29

Compound of leaves

Answer 29

palmate or pinnate

Question 30

Palmate

Answer 30

multiple veins from one point

Question 31

pinnate

Answer 31

one main vein

Question 32

pistil vs stamen

Answer 32

pistil: female repro of flower stamen: male repro of flower

Question 33

perfect vs imperfect flower

Answer 33

perfect: male and female repro parts on one flower imperfect: male OR female

Question 34

Two kinds of Imperfect inflorescence

Answer 34

Monecious: male and female on the same plant Dioecious: male and female on a separate plant

Question 35

inflorescence types

Answer 35

panicle, raceme, spike, corymb, head, simple umbel

Question 36

Panicle

Answer 36

flowers attached to branching branches

Question 37

raceme

Answer 37

flower attached to the main stalk with pedicels

Question 38

spike

Answer 38

flower attached to the main stalk

Question 39

corymb

Answer 39

raceme with longer pedicles at bottom of the inflorescence | - the flowers appear to be leveled

Question 40

cyme

Answer 40

convex or flat-topped flower cluster | - the oldest flower is in the center

Question 41

umbel

Answer 41

all pedicles about the same length connect to the stalk at the same location

Question 42

Composite head

Answer 42

ray and disk flowers, Asteraceae family (sunflower)