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exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how does a person emotionally age

A

psychological

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2
Q

asks the question if personalities are stable over time?

A

Continuity Theory

yes they are stable over time unless major illness

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3
Q

Older people and society mutually withdraw from each other

Individual gradually disconnects from other people

Gradual disconnection in anticipation of death

A

Disengagement Theory

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4
Q

___ of men over age 85 have enlarged prostates

A

90%

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5
Q

how we age at the cellular level

A

biological

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6
Q

contribute to many arthritic chronic illness

A

musculoskeletal changes in older adults

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7
Q

50% of men over age __ have enlarged prostates

A

60

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8
Q

cardiovascular system for older adults there is a decrease in number of cells in the _______ system

A

Decrease in number of cells in conduction system

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9
Q

Very old 80s-90s –loss of autonomy d/t loss of independence, physical changes, loss of self esteem
frailty

A

Stage 9

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10
Q

when a patient is fainting, one thing you want to consider is _____

A

cardiac issue

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11
Q

4 posture changes with older adults

A

Shortening of trunk
Thin vertebral disks
Stiff and thin cartilage
Forward leaning posture

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12
Q

Slower compensatory mechanisms to hypotensive state due to what 3 things

A

Less sensitive baroreceptor
ORTHOSTASIS
Changes in sympathetic response

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13
Q

3 immune system changes with aging

A

Fewer T cells
B Cells-slowed response
Difficulty responding to new/novel pathogens

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14
Q

Adults > 50, lose __-__% of muscle mass & strength per year

A

1-2%

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15
Q

3 reasons for swallowing troubles with older adults

A

Aging GI tract
Slow peristalsis
Fewer digestive enzymes

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16
Q

Hayflick 3 phases:

A

Rapid healthy cell division

Mitosis slows

Senescence-cells stopped dividing but stayed alive for a period of time until trauma or apoptosis occurs

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17
Q

7 skin changes with older adults

A

Decreased elasticity

Slower healing

Fragile

Shear stress

Dryer skin

Vitamin D synthesis

Less sub q fat

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18
Q

when prescribing medications to older adults, what are the 3 main things

A

loss of lean muscle mass (consider for protein bound medications)

less body water (loss dose for drugs because drug more concentrated)

Relative > fat (redistributed into abdomen) (psych meds, stays in fat longer)

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19
Q

in older adults __% of women and __% of men say they are unable to lift or carry 10 lb

A

30% of women and 15% of men say they are unable to lift or carry 10 lb

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20
Q

6 Temperature Regulation changes with older aging

A 
Lower normal body temperature
Ability to sense temp changes  decreases
Ability to respond to temp changes decreases
Shivering requires normal muscle mass
Atrophy of sweat glands
decreased circulation
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21
Q

________ gradually increases until about age 60, which is one of the reasons why adults have increasing trouble on amusement park rides as they age”

A

Vestibular sensitivity

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22
Q

organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time.

A

Free Radical Theory

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23
Q

response appears unchanged for long periods

A

Resting performance

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24
Q

4 Normal CNS Aging Changes

A

Smaller brain
Fewer neurons
Dendrite abnormalities
Slower central processing

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25
looks at aging as a programmed event (specific point in time where you get old)
nonstochastic theories of aging
26
the normal progressive decline in function and ability to respond to to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli.
aging
27
changes in the bladder with aging
decreased bladder size increased frequency (slow increase) nocturia (can also be a sign of disease)
28
stage of personality where: Feeling guilt about past Perceives self as not having accomplished life’s goals Dissatisfaction and despair Depression and hopelessness
Despair
29
2 kidneys, 2 lungs are examples of
Anatomic reserves
30
4 age related changes in the GI systemm
decrease in smell decreased taste decreased thirst decreased ability to chew
31
frailty as the occurrence of three or more of the following:
unintentional weight loss (10 lbs in past year) self-reported exhaustion weak-ness (reduced grip strength), slow walking speed, low physical activity"
32
2 normal blood vessel changes in aging
Slight increase in B/P (4-5) Slower compensatory mechanisms to hypotensive state
33
what is a fever in an older adult
99.0
34
theory of aging that believes older adults should stay active for as long as possible (physically and mentally)
activity theory of aging
35
"The age at which reading glasses are needed because of reduced lens elasticity is between ___ &__
42 and 50.
36
when prescribing psych medications to older adults, you need to consider the loss of
Relative > fat (redistributed into abdomen) (psych meds, stays in fat longer)
37
3 changes in the lungs with aging
decreased Elasticity Fewer alveoli & capillaries decreased Respiratory volumes & capacity
38
Most common cause of disability in late life
musculoskeletal changes in older adults
39
Somewhere between ___-__% of men develop symptoms of BPH
40-50%
40
two normal aging changes
increased risk for age related disease | diseases that accelerate the aging proces
41
4 Influences of aging
Vulnerability to illness Severity of illness Management of illness Geriatric syndromes
42
when prescribing protein bound medications to older adults, you need to consider the loss of
lean muscle mass
43
___% of older adults have difficulty with common tasks-walking 2-3 blocks
40%
44
loss of smell with aging is due to moisture producing cells gradually reduce their ____ output or change it’s ____ . And unbathed olfactory bulbs can’t hold the odor long enough to be picked up by the nerve that carries it to the brain.
moisture producing cells gradually reduce their mucus output or change texture . And unbathed olfactory bulbs can’t hold the odor long enough to be picked up by the nerve that carries it to the brain.
45
This rule states that, of changes often attributed to normal aging by the general public and in past decades by the medical profession one fourth is due to _______ one fourth to ______ one fourth to ______ one fourth to ________
one fourth is due to disease one fourth to disuse one fourth to misuse one fourth to physiologic aging
46
muscle loss related to aging
Sarcopenia
47
with height; Between __and ____ years of age, men lose about 1 inch and women 2 inches. After 80, each may lose another _____
30 and 70 inch
48
4 joint changes with older adults
Thinning of cartilage Synovial membrane becomes stiffer Decreased hydration Slow repair of injury
49
3 Neurotransmitter aging changes
< acetylcholine Memory & learning < dopamine Age related motor deficits < serotonin Sleep problems & depression
50
deposits of lipofuscin in the skin
Lentigo
51
aging related changes in the pineal gland cause
Reduced melatonin resulting in sleep disturbances
52
is aging a homogenous process
NO organs in the same person age at different rates, by different mechanisms and are influenced by multiple factors
53
A healthy individual is considered to attain the peak physiologic reserve at the age of ___, after which the reserve starts to decline as the individual ages.
25
54
age related changes in the stomach
Slowed emptying decreased early satiety Increase in gastritis r/t medications NSAIDs & Bisphosphonates
55
Theory of aging where every time a cell divides a piece of the telomere (Specialized DNA sequences at end of chromosomes to protect chromosome) is removed
Telomere Theory
56
what are the three main theories of aging
biologic psychological sociological
57
More RBC carry a little more O2 than is needed by tissues Bones store a little extra calcium are examples of:
physiologic reserves
58
Stress performance due to loss of physiologic reserve can cause what 4 things
Blunted maximal response Delays in reaching peak levels Delays to returning to base level Endpoint is frailty
59
where do older adults fit into society (useful vs not useful)
sociological
60
3 bone changes with aging
Changes in bone metabolism (Slower osteoblast and faster osteoclast activity Slower rate of repair if fracture occurs) Loss of mineral Calcium & Vitamin D decreased weight bearing exercises often reduced in older adults
61
renal changes with aging: Ability to adapt to changes in ____ &____load is compromised Impact medication_______ Decreased Vitamin____ Older kidney is at higher risk _____
Acid base balance normal at rest but difficult to maintain homeostasis during stress Ability to adapt to changes in salt and water load is compromised Impact medication clearance Decreased Vitamin D Older kidney is at higher risk for nephrotoxicity
62
aging related changes in the thyroid gland cause what 4 things
Atrophy Increased fibrosis and nodules formation T4 production declines, but clearance is slowed Serum T4 appears normal
63
Aging is always true for what 3 things
Universal for everyone Progressive Decremental
64
No age r/t change in ejection fraction, cardiac output, or stroke volume at ______ Slower response to ________stressors, ie exercise, illness Stiff ______ _______ of muscle wall
No age r/t change in ejection fraction, cardiac output, or stroke volume at rest Slower response to metabolic stressors, ie exercise, illness Stiff valves Hypertrophy of muscle wall
65
stage of personality where: Learning to be retired—search for meaning Contemplating accomplishments Feeling successful Wisdom
Ego Integrity
66
aging is the result of a lot of accidents (everyone is different) random and unpredictable
stochastic theories of aging
67
Impact of decreased cardiac physiologic reserve
Compromised response to stress ``` Decreased maximal heart rate decreased exercise tolerance SOB Fatigue Slow recovery from tachycardia ```
68
The capability of an organ to carry out its activity under stress is known as ____________
physiologic reserve
69
Significant decrease in_______ cells by age 75
pacemaker
70
biological aging which is a progressive decline and deterioration of functional properties at the cellular, tissue, and organ level that leads to what 2 things
``` slow homeostasis (homeostenosis?) < ability to adapt to stimuli ``` Decreased physiologic reserve Changes may not be identified til a critical mass
71
decreased elasticity in aging is due to what 4 things
Weaker respiratory muscles Weak diaphragm Stiff chest wall Decrease elastic recoil
72
4 renal changes with aging
Kidneys get smaller with age Slower renal blood flow Impaired permeability Serum creatinine may overestimate kidney function in older adults

adult gero (3 decks)

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