Exam 1- Amino Acids

Question 1

Aliphatic amino acids in order of increasing hydrophobicity

Answer 1

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Proline, Isolecuine

Question 2

Precursor for heme and purines

Answer 2

Glycine

Question 3

Precursor for glucose in GNG

Answer 3

Alanine

Question 4

Constrains protein shape

Answer 4

Proline

Question 5

Branched chain amino acids

Answer 5

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

Question 6

Disease caused by inability to catabolism BCAA’s

Answer 6

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 7

Amino acids containing hydroxyl and sulfur side chains

Answer 7

Methionine, cysteine, serine, and threonine

Question 8

Major source of methyl groups

Answer 8

Methionine

Question 9

Disulfide linkage

Answer 9

Cysteine

Question 10

Sphingolipid synthesis

Answer 10

Serine

Question 11

Amino acid’s with hydroxyl group, frequently found in proteins and turn enzymes on/off

Answer 11

Serine and threonine

Question 12

Aromatic amino acids

Answer 12

Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan

Question 13

Most hydrophobic aa

Answer 13

Phenylalanine

Question 14

Defect caused by inability to metabolize phenylalanine

Answer 14

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 15

Tyrosine is a precursor for

Answer 15

Thyroid hormone, catecholeamines, dopa, melanin

Question 16

Diseases caused by defects in tyrosine metabolism

Answer 16

Tyrosinosis, albinism, alcaptonuria

Question 17

Synthesis of NAD+

Answer 17

Tryptophan

Question 18

Precursor for seratonin

Answer 18

Tryptophan

Question 19

Disorder caused by a dietary deficiency of tryptophan

Answer 19

Pellagra (4 D’s)

Question 20

Has an imidazole ring in its active site

Answer 20

Histidine

Question 21

Histadine is a precursor for

Answer 21

Histamine

Question 22

Role in urea cycle in nitrogen metabolism

Answer 22

Arginine

Question 23

Precursor for NO

Answer 23

Arginine

Question 24

Defects in metabolism of lysine

Answer 24

Acute hyperlysinemia with hyperammonemia (due to lysine competing with arginase)
Chronic hyperlysinemia without hyperammonemia

Question 25

Constituent of aspartame

Answer 25

Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine

Question 26

AA that is a major excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 26

Glutamate

Question 27

Glutamate is a precursor for the neurotransmitter _______ and is involved in the synthesis of ________

Answer 27

GABA, creatinine phosphate

Question 28

Attachment for carbs in glycoproteins

Answer 28

Asparagine

Question 29

Plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism in transporting ammonia nitrogen to the kidneys

Answer 29

Glutamine

Question 30

Essential amino acids

Answer 30

Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Leucine and Lysine

Question 31

Amino termini of many amino acid’s are ________ to make the proteins more resistant to degradation

Answer 31

Acetylated

Question 32

Amino Acid major roles (4)

Answer 32

1) protein and peptide building blocks
2) precursor for glucose in GNG
3) precursors for hormone synthesis ex. Thyroid hormone
4) precursors for important molecules such as porphyria small, purines, pyrimidines, and urea in nitrogen

Question 33

Amino acids in humans are usually in what configuration

Answer 33

Alpha configuration/ L-isomer

Question 34

Isoelectric point

Answer 34

pI= (pKa1 + pKa2)/2

Question 35

pH/pKa protonated vs deprotonated

Answer 35

pH < pKa protonated

pH > pKa deprotonated

Question 36

Name 8 types of compounds for which aa’s are precursors

Answer 36

Thyroid hormone, catecholeamines, dopa, melanin- Tyrosine
GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)- glutamate
Nitrous Oxide (neurotransmitter and secondary messenger)- arginine
Histamine - Histidine
Seratonin- Tryptophan
Nicotinamide- Tryptophan
Glucose- Alanine
Heme and Purines- Glycine