exam 1- anatomy and phis

Question 1

What are the three speech systems

Answer 1

respiration, phonation and articulation

Question 2

what is the biological function of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Question 3

what is the speech function of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

outgoing air for egressive sounds

Question 4

pressure

Answer 4

force that acts perpendicularly on a surface

Question 5

units of vocal tract and respiratory pressures

Answer 5

cmH2O

Question 6

P atm

Answer 6

atmospheric pressure/ reference point

Question 7

P sg/ P alv

Answer 7

sub glottal/ alveolar pressure

Question 8

P o

Answer 8

intraoral pressure

Question 9

Boyle’s law

Answer 9

pressure x volume = constant

Question 10

how does air flow?

Answer 10

from areas of higher to lower pressure until equal values

Question 11

what is tidal breathing main purpose?

Answer 11

gas exchange

Question 12

Inhalation during tidal breathing consists of…

Answer 12

contraction of inhalation muscles to increase thorax in 5 dimensions; superior- inferior, anterior-posterior and medial- lateral.

Question 13

when the thorax expands…

Answer 13

the lungs expand. the muscles contact and push the ribcage in direction of expansion.

Question 14

increase in ribcage causes..

Answer 14

negative alveolar pressure, volume increases, pressure decreases.

Question 15

tidal breathing exhalation…

Answer 15

ribs and thorax compress, lungs reduce size, volume decreases and alveolar pressure increases.

Question 16

speech breathing…

Answer 16

during exhalation. sub glottal pressure must remain constant and hight to make vocal folds vibrate.

Question 17

tidal breathing take away

Answer 17

gas exchange and inhalation and exhalation similar in duration

Question 18

speech breathing takeaway

Answer 18

speech, shorter and deeper inhalation and longer exhalation. Constant sub glottal pressure for loudness.

Question 19

sustained phonation

Answer 19

exhale slower, short and deep inhalation

Question 20

phonatory system (laryngeal)

Answer 20

located on top of trachea between respiratory sysstem and articulatory system.

Question 21

Biological function of phonotory system

Answer 21

protection of the respiratory tract

Question 22

speech function of phonatory system

Answer 22

abduction for voiceless sounds, adduction and vibration for voiced sounds

Question 23

abduction of vocal folds

Answer 23

for breathing and voiceless sounds. (away from the midline)

Question 24

adduction of vocal folds

Answer 24

phonation and voiced sounds (in the midline)

Question 25

Vocal folds vibration

Answer 25

adducted vocal folds

Question 26

glottal cycle

Answer 26

one full cycle of vibration (abduct, adduct)

Question 27

frequency (Hz)

Answer 27

number of vibrations per second

Question 28

fundamental frequency

Answer 28

frequency at which a persons vocal folds vibrate

Question 29

myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation

Answer 29

glottal vibration. 1) adduction muscles contract and phonation begins. 2) vibrationm, sub glottal pressure increases below adducted vocal folds and blows them apart. elasticity and Bernoulli effect return vocal folds back to midline. 3) adbuction muscles contract and phonation ends.

Question 30

Bernoulli effect

Answer 30

as air flows, if area narrows due to this the air will move faster and the increase in speed causes temporary drop in subglottal pressure

Question 31

electroglottography

Answer 31

noninvasive assessment of vocal folds vibratory pattern. relies on electricity conduction through tissue. Tissue conducts electricity, air provides resistance.

Question 32

phases of glottal cycle

Answer 32

closing, opening and open phase.

Question 33

period

Answer 33

duration of one vibration