Exam 1 (Applied Anatomy)

Question 1

Define Human Anatomy

Answer 1

A branch of biological that investigates the structure of the human body (shape and size)
bones, muscles, organs

Question 2

Integumentary System

Answer 2

Provides basic protection from the external environment

Question 3

Skeletal System

Answer 3

provides support

Question 4

Muscular System

Answer 4

provides movement

Question 5

Living Anatomy

Answer 5

observing individual and touch

Question 6

Histological Anatomy

Question 7

Vivisection (live dissection) of convicted criminals

Answer 7

400’s BC

Question 8

“Body Snatches”

Answer 8

1820’s

Question 9

Nonconsensual experiments on enslaved black women to understand reproductive system

Answer 9

1840’s

Question 10

Imaging technology

Answer 10

X-ray, ultrasounds, CT scan, MRI

Question 11

X-ray

Answer 11

ex: looking at fractures

Question 12

Ultrasounds

Answer 12

ex: pregnancy

Question 13

CT scan

Answer 13

ex: slices of the body, concussion

Question 14

Reference Position

Answer 14

standing arms down, facing straight ahead, feet together, palms forward

Question 15

Proximal

Answer 15

closer to the point of attachment

Question 16

Distal

Answer 16

farther from the point of attachment

Question 17

Superior

Answer 17

above another structure

Question 18

Inferior

Answer 18

below another structure

Question 19

Anterior

Answer 19

front of the body

Question 20

Posterior

Answer 20

behind the body (the back)

Question 21

Contralateral

Answer 21

opposite side

Question 22

Ipsilateral

Answer 22

same side

Question 23

Frontal Plane

Answer 23

front and back
ex: anteroposterior

Question 24

Transverse Plane

Answer 24

top and bottom
ex: superoinferior axis

Question 25

Sagittal Plane

Answer 25

right and left side of the body mediolateral axis

Question 26

Flexion

Answer 26

decreasing the angle between adjoining segments (out of anatomical positions)

Question 27

Extension

Answer 27

increasing the angle back into anatomical position

Question 28

Hyperextension

Answer 28

extension going beyond anatomical position

Question 29

Adduction

Answer 29

movement away from the midline (moving up)

Question 30

Abduction

Answer 30

movement toward the midline (moving back)

Question 31

Internal (medial) rotation

Answer 31

rotation about the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the midline

Question 32

External (lateral) rotation

Answer 32

rotation about the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the midline

Question 33

How many bones are in the human body

Answer 33

206

Question 34

Bone (function)

Answer 34

living and dynamic tissue provides a supportive framework protects body tissues and organs provides attachment sites and systems of lever movement

Question 35

What does the bone protect?

Answer 35

surrounding and protecting vital organs ex: heart, brain, spinal cord rigid like the skull or as flexible as the ribs

Question 36

Lever

Answer 36

a simple machine that magnifies the force and/or of movement

Question 37

Hinge

Answer 37

one plane, one axis ex: elbow and knee

Question 38

Ball and Socket

Answer 38

all planes; all axes ex: shoulder and hips

Question 39

Complex

Answer 39

mix of hinge + ball and socket ex: ankle and wrist

Question 40

Organization of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 40

Whole muscle, fascicle, myofibril, sarcomere largest to smallest

Question 41

Voluntarily Contracts

Answer 41

Unlike cardiac or smooth muscle innervated by motor neurons generates a pulling (tensile) force on the bones

Question 42

Isometric Contraction

Answer 42

tension with no change in muscle length

Question 43

Concentric Contraction

Answer 43

tension that shortens muscle length

Question 44

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 44

lengthening of muscle while maintaining tension

Question 45

Skeletal Muscle (function)

Answer 45

produce skeletal movement provide stability and protection to joints maintains body posture and position produces body heat

Question 46

Transverse movement

Answer 46

Internal (medial) rotation External (lateral) rotation

Question 47

Sagittal movement

Answer 47

flexion extension hyperextension

Question 48

Frontal movement

Answer 48

Adduction Abduction

Question 49

Whole Muscle

Answer 49

attached to the bone via tendons

Question 50

Fascicle

Answer 50

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 51

myofibril

Answer 51

collection of myofiliments

Question 52

Sarcomere

Answer 52

actin + myosin