Exam 1 Axial Skeleton Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Exam 1 Axial Skeleton Deck (35)
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1
Q

Paraxial mesoderm gives rise to what?

A

Axial Skeleton

2
Q

Paraxial mesoderm condenses to make?

A

somitomeres

3
Q

Somitomeres condense to make?

A

Somites

4
Q

How many somites on formed by day 35?

A

42-44

5
Q

Name and # of somites by region

A

4 occipital, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 8-10 coccygeal

6
Q

What do somites differentiate into?

A

sclerotomes and dermomyotomes

7
Q

Are sclerotomes medial or lateral to dermomyotomes?

A

medial

8
Q

What do sclerotomes form, and in what fashion?

A

vertebrae, and in caudal to cranial

9
Q

What forms the nucleus pulposus?

A

Notocord

10
Q

What forms the annulus fibrosis?

A

Sclerotome

11
Q

Incomplete fusion of the vertebral arch leads to what?

A

Spina bifida occulta, sometimes will present with a hairy patch

12
Q

Congenital Scoliosis is causes by what?

A

hemivertabrea (malformed vertebrae)

13
Q

What does the dermomyotome split into?

A

dermatome and myotome

14
Q

Muscles of the head are formed by?

A

somitomeres

15
Q

Muscle of the torso and limbs are formed by?

A

somites

16
Q

Primaxial muscle cell precursors give rise to?

A

muscles of the back, shoulder girdle and intercostal muscles

17
Q

Abaxial muscle cell precursors give rise to?

A

Infrahyoid, abdominal wall and limb muscles

18
Q

Ventral ramus and dorsal ramus innervate what?

A
Ventral = hypaxial 
Dorsal = epaxial
19
Q

Myoblsts give rise to what?

A

Muscle fibers (myotome-myoblasts-myotubes-muscle fibers)

20
Q

Improperly formed abaxial muscles cells cause?

A

Prune Belly Syndrome

21
Q

What day does the cranial neuropore close?

A

24-25

22
Q

What day does the caudal neuropore close?

A

26-27

23
Q

What cells line the walls of the closed neurotube?

A

Neuroepithelial

24
Q

What are the 3 layers of the neural tube?

A

ventricular layer, mantle layer (gray matter), marginal layer (white matter)

25
Q

What cell is not derived from neuroepithelial cells?

A

Microglia (from mesenchymal)

26
Q

Neuroepithelial cells give rise to?

A

bipolar neuroblasts, multipolar neuroblasts, gliablast, oligodendroglia, protoplasmic astroytes, and fibrillar astrocytes

27
Q

What cells line the cavity of ventricles of the CNS?

A

ependymal cells

28
Q

The dorsal horn is from what plate? and is what area of the spinal cord?

A

Alar plate and sensory

29
Q

The ventral horn is from what plate? and is what area of the spinal cord?

A

Basal plate and motor

30
Q

What is the 1st type of spinal nerves developed? 2nd and 3rd?

A

GSE, GVE and sensory

31
Q

What cells give rise to parts of the PNS and ANS?

A

Neural crest cells

32
Q

Sympathetic innervation is from?

A

T1 - L2

33
Q

Parasympathetic fibers are from?

A

brainstem and sacral region

34
Q

Nerocrest cells that fail to form properly causing an impacted colon cause?

A

Hirschsprungs Disease

35
Q

What is a fluid filled cyst containing CSF? menninges? spinal neural tissue?

A

Spina bifida cystica, mininogocele, myelomeningocele