Exam 1: Basic Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The structure of an organism.

Question 2

Pathological Anatomy

Answer 2

The study of structural changes caused by disease.

Question 3

Physiology

Answer 3

The study of the function of the living organism and its parts, as well as the chemical processes involved.

Question 4

Midsagittal Plane

Answer 4

Cuts the body in right and left halves.

Question 5

Transverse Plane

Answer 5

Cuts upper and lower halves of the body.

Question 6

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Answer 6

Cuts the body into front and back halves.

Question 7

Anterior or Ventral

Answer 7

Front surface or towards the front of the body.

Question 8

Posterior or Dorsal

Answer 8

Back surface or towards the back of the body.

Question 9

Rostral

Answer 9

Towards the head.

Question 10

Cells.

Answer 10

What the body is composed of. Living tissue that contains a nucleus and a variety of cellular material specialized to the particular function of the individual cell.

Question 11

Cells differ based on ___?

Answer 11

The type of tissues they comprise. There are four different types of tissue that make up the body.

Question 12

Types of tissues

Answer 12

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous.

Question 13

Epithelial Tissues

Answer 13

The superficial or outer layer of mucous membranes and the cells making up the skin. (eg: surface covering of the body and linings of cavities and passageways.)

Question 14

Connective Tissue

Answer 14

Composed of intercellular material, known as the matrix, to which cells are bound (eg: cartilage, bone, and blood).

Question 15

Muscular Tissue

Answer 15

Contractile tissues that are capable of being stimulated to contract. They consist of striated (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac muscle.

Question 16

Striated Muscles

Answer 16

Voluntary muscles. AKA skeletal muscles because it is the muscle used to move skeletal structures. Known as voluntary/sematic because it can be moved voluntarily.

Question 17

Smooth Muscles

Answer 17

Involuntary muscles. Muscular tissue of the digestive tract and blood vessels.

Question 18

Nervous Tissue

Answer 18

Highly specialized communicative tissue. Consists of neurons that take a variety of forms.

Question 19

Tissue Aggregates

Answer 19

Fascia, Ligaments, Tendons, Bones, Joints.

Question 20

Fascia

Answer 20

Sheet like membrane surrounding organs.

Question 21

Ligaments

Answer 21

Bing organs together, connects bones to bones, or bones to cartilage.

Question 22

Tendons

Answer 22

Attach muscle to bone or cartilage.

Question 23

Bones

Answer 23

Provide structure to the body (along with cartilage), articulating by means of joints.

Question 24

Joints

Answer 24

The union of bones with other bones, or cartilage with other cartilage.

Question 25

Applied Anatomy

Answer 25

The application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, particularly as it relates to surgical procedures.

Question 26

Descriptive Anatomy

Answer 26

The description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease.

Question 27

Muscles

Answer 27

Bound by groups of fibers with functional unity, have a nerve supply to provide stimulation of the contracting bundle tissue, have vascular supply to meet their nutrient needs, innervated (supplied) by a single nerve, and can be sensory (afferent) or excitatory (efferent) in nature.

Question 28

Muscles (simplified)

Answer 28

Muscles are like a team of fibers that work together, receiving signals from nerves to contract and getting nutrients from blood vessels, while being controlled by a single nerve that can either sense or stimulate.

Question 29

Origin

Answer 29

The point of insertion with the least movement.

Question 30

Insertion

Answer 30

The point of attachment that moves as a result of muscle contraction.

Question 31

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 31

Involuntary, relegated to the autonomic nervous system. Heart muscles that connect in a net like fashion.

Question 32

Agonists

Answer 32

Muscles that move a structure.

Question 33

Antagonists

Answer 33

Muscles that oppose movement.

Question 34

Synergists

Answer 34

Muscles that stabilize structures.

Question 35

Body Systems

Answer 35

Systems of the body are groups of organs with functional unity. The combination of organs performs a basic function and failure/deficiency of an organ will result in change of the function of the system.

Question 36

Basic Systems of the Body

Answer 36

Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive, Skeletal, Endocrine, Nervous, and Urinary.

Question 37

Systems of Speech

Answer 37

Respiratory, Phonatory, Articulatory/Resonatory, Nervous.

Question 38

Respiratory System

Answer 38

Breathing for speech.

Question 39

Phonatory System

Answer 39

Production of voiced sounds.

Question 40

Articulatory/Resonatory System

Answer 40

Used to alter the characteristics of the sounds of speech.

Question 41

Nervous Speech

Answer 41

Related to the Central Nervous System's control of speech process.