Exam 1 Blueprint Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
what is expected of an infants weight by 5 months?
A
birth weight doubles
2
Q
what is expected of an infants weight by 12 months?
A
birth weight triples
3
Q
how much should an infants birth height increase by 12 months?
A
birth weight increases by 50% at 12 months
4
Q
what is an expected increase for HC (head circumference) of an infant by 12 months?
A
10 cm increase
5
Q
what is the recommended nutrition for infant in the first 6 months?
A
breastfeeding
6
Q
what should be included in nutrition for a breastfeeding infant at 4 months?
A
iron supplement
7
Q
what type of formula is recommended for bottle feeding infants?
A
iron fortified formula
8
Q
how long should cows milk be avoided?
A
1st year of infants life
9
Q
when should solids be introduced to an infant?
A
at 4-6 months
10
Q
what order should solid foods be introduced to an infant?
A
- iron fortified cereal
- veggies
- fruit
11
Q
how often should new foods be introduced to an infant?
A
every 3-5 days
12
Q
Are infants nearsighted or farsighted?
A
nearsighted and their eyes wander
13
Q
what do infants prefer visually?
A
prefer contrasting colors at first and then have full color by 7 months
14
Q
what is expected of the hearing development of an infant?
A
intact at birth
15
Q
what sensory development of smell/taste are expected of an infant?
A
they can differentiate the smell and taste of breast milk and prefer sweet taste
16
Q
what do infants prefer to touch?
A
objects with soft sensations
17
Q
what can an infant detect through the touch of a caregiver?
A
the caregiver’s mood
18
Q
which the ericksons stage of development occurs during infancy?
A
trust vs mistrust
19
Q
what is the trust vs mistrust stage based on?
A
based on the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship and care received
20
Q
what reflexes are expected in an infant?
A
- sucking
- rooting (turning head to find nipple)
- palmar and plantar grasp
- moro
- tonic-neck (fencing)
- babinski
21
Q
what is the moro reflex?
A
startle reflex
- arms go in air with palms up
22
Q
what is the tonic-neck reflex?
A
fencing reflex
- head turned to one side and the arm on the same side will go straight out as the opposite one will bend at the elbow
23
Q
what is the Babinski sign?
A
- normal in infant; bottom of foot is stroked and big toe dorsiflexes as the other toes fan out
24
Q
what age is cooing expected?
A
3 months
25
what age is babbling expected?
6 months
26
what language development is expected by 12 months?
3-5 words
27
what gross motor milestone is expected by 4 months?
rolls from back to side
- head control
28
when is rolling from back to front expected?
6 months
29
when is expected for a child to sit unsupported and creep on hands and knees?
9 months
30
what gross motor milestone is expected by 12 months?
- sit down from standing
- walks with one hand hold or alone
31
what fine motor milestone is expected by 4 months?
grasps objects with both hands
32
when is it expected for an infant to be able to hold a bottle?
6 months
33
when should the crude pincer grasp be expected of an infant?
9 months
34
what fine motor skills should be seen at 12 months?
- attempt 2-block tower
- turns pages in a book
- feed self w/cup/spoon
35
when does object permanence develop?
by 8 months
35
what is the Piaget separation major task in infants?
- learn to seperate themselves from other objects in the environment
36
what is object permanence?
objects leaves the visual field but still exists
36
what is piaget's sensorimotor mental representation?
ability to visualize things that are not physically present
37
what are some age appropriate activities for infants?
-bright-colored tools
- balls and blocks
- books (read to them)
- rattles/mobiles/mirrors
- pat-a-cake
38
what type of play is best expected for an infant?
solitary play
39
at what age may an infant show signs of social anxiety?
around 8 months
40
what is expected of HR in an infant?
decreases w/age
41
what should RR do as newborn ages?
decreases w/age
42
what is expected of the BP of a newborn?
increases w/age
43
how many teeth are expected by 12 months?
6-8 teeths
44
what atraumatic care tactics can be implemented for an infant?
- soothing music
- therapeutic hugging
- calming voice
- including parent in care
45
what are 4 potential organ system complications that infants are more susceptible to?
- heat loss
- dehydration
- URI
- F/E imbalances
46
what type of play is seen in toddlers?
parallel play
- toddlers are egocentric and they don't like to share
47
what are age-appropriate activities for a toddler?
- filling empty containers
- balls and blocks
- books
- finger paints
- thick crayons
48
which Ericksons theory is seen in toddlers?
autonomy vs shame and doubt
49
what are the 4 components of ericksons autonomy vs shame and doubt theory that is seen in toddlers?
- independence
- ritualism
- negativism
- egocentrism
50
what is negativism?
component of autonomy vs shame & doubt where toddler uses "no" as a way to express independence
51
what is egocentrism (toddlers)?
unable to see things from other's perspectives
52
Describe symbolic thought
can make mental representation of objects in the world around them (broom=horse)
53
which piaget cognitive development component is characterized by toddlers imitating observed activities?
- start playing make belief
domestic mimicry
54
what is expected of the attention span of a toddler?
limited attention span
55
how long should toddlers remain in a rear-facing car seat with harness straps and clip?
until age 2
56
what car safety consideration should be implemented after age 2?
forward-facing seat but in the rear seat of car
57
If a rear seat is unavailable for a toddler/infant to ride in a car, what is an essential precaution?
air bag must be disabled
58
what age group is known for picky eating?
toddlers
59
what are foods jags?
what age are these seen in?
- prefers certain foods for a set time period
- toddlers
60
what may a toddler desire who is expressing ritualism with eating?
insists on same dish, cup, spoon, etc
61
why should bottles and no-spill cups be weaned by 15 months?
prevent dental caries
62
at what age should myelination of the brain and spinal cord be complete?
2-3 years
63
what happens to the eustachian tube in toddlers as compared to infants?
they shorten and straighten
64
what is an average urine output for toddlers?
1ml/kg/hr
65
what increases the risk of UTI in toddlers?
shorter urethra
66
what stance is expected in toddlers?
swayback w/potbelly due to weak abdominal and lower back muscles
67
which organ system development makes toilet training an age-appropriate behavior for toddlers?
myelination of CNS during this age allows control of urinary sphincters
68
what are 4 expected behaviors for a toddler?
- temper tantrums
- aggressive behaviors
- toilet training
- transitional objects
69
what word describes the social characteristic of toddlers is characterized by them reverting back to earlier stages during times of stress?
regression
70
what are 2 common fears in toddlers?
strangers and the dark
71
what age group may telegraphic speech be seen in?
give an example
toddlers
-"more juice"
72
how many words are expected by 2 yrs old?
50-300 words
73
what refers to the repetition of the words that others say, a trait seen in the language development of toddlers?
echolalia
74
which piaget stage is expected by 2 yrs?
preoperational
- toddler stage begins with sensorimotor and transitions to preoperational
75
when may separation anxiety reemerge in a toddler?
18-24 months
76
what atraumatic care approaches should the nurse use for a toddler?
- facilitate independence
- offer choices
- encourage caregivers in routine care
- engage in parallel play
77
what occurs to the number of alveoli for preschool age children?
increase in number
78
is a heart murmur normal or unexpected in preschoolers?
this is often a non-pathologic heart murmur that is expected
79
when do preschoolers first begin losing baby teeth?
5-6 yr old
80
what age group are these gross motor milestones expected in?
- very agile
- walk up and down stairs
- run, hop and skip
- ride tricycle
preschool age (3-6 yr)
81
when should children be able to grasp utensils and crayons with similar dexterity to an adult?
3 -6 yr (preschool)
82
what age should a child be able to copy a circle?
3 -6 yr
83
is it expected that preschoolers feed themselves?
yes
84
what age is it expected that children start using scissors, tying shoes, write first name and button shirts?
3 -6 yr (preschool)
85
what weight is expected in 5 yr olds?
41 lbs
86
what nutritional guidance should be provided for preschoolers/family?
obesity prevention
87
which Erikson's stage is seen in preschoolers (3-6 yr)?
Initiative vs Guilt
88
why may guilt occur in preschoolers (ericksons)?
environment represses initiation through criticism and control
89
which portion of Ericksons stage during 3-6 yr is developed by child exploring, making decisions and initiating activities?
initiative
90
what 4 tasks are seen in Piaget's preoperational stage (preschoolers)?
TAMI
- time
- animism
- magical thinking
- imaginary friends
91
describe magical thinking (preschoolers
believe thoughts are all powerful
92
what type of play is expected in preschoolers?
associative
93
what fears are common in preschoolers?
- procedures (body mutilation)
- hospitalizations
- dark
94
what scenarios cause regression in preschoolers?
during stress, insecurity, or illness
95
why are nightmares common in preschoolers?
vivid imagination
96
how often should preschoolers go to the dentist?
Q 6 months
97
what is a safety concern of the dental care of preschoolers?
trauma is common
98
what is expected of napping in preschoolers?
naps are infrequent
99
how many words are expected in preschoolers?
2000 words
100
what type of sentence structure is expected in preschoolers?
5 -word
101
why may preschoolers have difficulty with some consonants?
rushing their speech
102
which Erikson's theory is seen in school age children?
industry vs inferiority
103
what are the characteristics of the industry portion of eriksons model?
development of skills and knowledge that allows child to provide meaningful contributions to society and to feel capable and competent
104
what may develop in a child if they feel they are not competent or that they do not have skills to contribute?
inferiority
105
which piaget stage is expected in school-age children?
concrete operations
106
what age should children be able to classify and sort objects?
school age (6-12)
107
what age does Piaget's principle of conservation present itself?
6-12 (school age)
108
what typeof play is expected in school age children?
cooperative play
109
when should children begin to understand double meanings, allowing them to understand jokes/riddles?
school age (6-12)
110
what hormone stimulates the release of FSH and LH in adolescents?
GnRH
111
what does the secretion of LH lead to?
in females and males
ovulation in females
testosterone production in males
112
when does menarche generally occur?
9 - 15 years
113
what is the leading cause of death in adolescents?
unintentional injuries
114
what is the leading cause of injury in adolescents?
MVA (motor vehicle accidents)
115
what generally causes poisoning injury deaths in adolescents?
opioid overdose
116
what type of death cause is increasing in 15-19 yr olds?
firearm deaths
117
what is the second leading cause of death in adolescents?
suicide
118
why should we monitor adolescents for changes in mood and self-harm?
suicide risk
119
which piaget stage is expected during the adolescent age group?
formal operations
120
what age group should abstract thinking develop in?
adolescent
121
which Erickson's theory develops during adolescence?
identity vs role confusion
122
what 2 eating disorders are common in adolescents?
- anorexia
- bulimia
123
what are the daily calorie needs for an adolescent?
2000 calories
124
what are 4 age appropriate activities for the adolescent age group?
- peer interactions
- reading
- music
- part-time job/driving
125
when may the wisdom teeth erupt?
17-20 yrs
126
