Exam 1- Brain Morphology

Question 0

Hypothalamus

Answer 0

Regulation of autonomic and endocrine functions (homeostasis) and limbic functions

Part of the Diencephalon

Question 1

Thalamus

Answer 1

Contains mostly relay nuclei going to the cortex

Part of the Diencephalon

Question 2

Tectum

Answer 2

Roof over the Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius

Part of the Mesencephalon

Question 3

Tegmentum

Answer 3

Floor below the Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius

Part of Mesencephalon

Question 4

Basal Portion of Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Answer 4

Consists of Substantia Nigra (PD) and Crus Cerebri

Question 5

Superior Colliculus

Answer 5

Visual Reflexes

Part of the Tectum

Question 6

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 6

Auditory Reflexes

Part of the Tectum

Question 7

Structures found within the Tegmentum

Answer 7

1) periaqueductal gray (PAG)
2) reticular formation areas
3) Oculomotor nerve complex (at level of Superior Colliculus)
4) Trochlear nerve (at level of inferior Colliculus)
5) Red Nucleus

Question 8

Substantia Nigra

Answer 8

Part of extrapyramidal motor system

Parkinson’s disease

Question 9

Cerebral Peduncles consists of…

Answer 9

1) midbrain tegmentum
2) substantia nigra
3) crus cerebri

Question 10

2 structures that make up the Metencephalon

Answer 10

Cerebellum and Pons

Question 11

The cerebellum functions to

Answer 11

Integrate sensory information and allow for coordinated motor responses. Learned movements and cognitive learning.

Question 12

Structures and features of the Cerebellum

Answer 12

Folds- folia
Grooves- fissures
Midline- vermis
Undersurface- tonsil

Question 13

Pons function

Answer 13

Connect brain to cerebellum (pontine nuclei project to cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle)

Question 14

Subdivisions of the Pons

Answer 14

1) dorsal tegmental zone- contains cranial nerves V, VI, and VII and reticular formation nuclei and ascending/descending pathways
2) ventral/ basal zone- contains pontine nuclei and corticospinal tract

Question 15

The medulla

Answer 15

Contains medullary portion of the reticular formation (vital respiratory/cardiovascular) at its core

And

Pyramids (corticospinal axons which decussate at the caudal medulla in the pyramidal decussation to descend as the lateral corticospinal tract)

Cranial Nerves 9-12

Question 16

Major landmarks in the Frontal Lobe

Answer 16

1) precentral gyrus
2) superior frontal gyrus
3) middle frontal gyrus
4) inferior frontal gyrus (pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis- latter 2 make up Areas 44 and 45)

Question 17

Major Landmarks of the Temporal Lobe

Answer 17

Superior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Gyrus

Question 18

Major landmarks of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 18

1) Postcentral gyrus
2) superior parietal lobule
3) inferior parietal lobule
4) supramarginal gyrus
5) angular gyrus

Question 19

Brodmann Area 4

Answer 19

Primary Motor Cortex

Question 20

Brodmann Area 6

Answer 20

Also contributes axons to corticospinal tract (motor)

Question 21

Brodmann Area 8

Answer 21

Frontal Eye Fields; paired eye movements

Question 22

Brodmann Area 44 and 45

Answer 22

Broca’s Area; motor production of language

Question 23

Prefrontal Association Cortex

Answer 23

Also called dlPFC

Executive Fxns- decision making, prioritizing, planning, problem solving, judgment and working memory

In Frontal Lobe

Question 24

Limbic Association Cortex

Answer 24

Also called vmPFC Personality and Social Behavior Frontal Lobe Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex- Areas 10, 11, 12 Anterior Cingulate Cortex- Areas 24, 25, 32

Question 25

Brodmann Areas 3, 1 and 2

Answer 25

Postcentral Gyrus Primary Somatosensory (pain, touch and conscious proprioception)

Question 26

Part of Area 2 and Part of Area 5

Answer 26

Higher Order somatosensory areas; lesions here produce somatosensory agnosias

Question 27

Brodmann Area 7

Answer 27

Higher order vision

Question 28

Areas 5 and 7

Answer 28

Together are the Posterior Parietal Cortex Integrate visual and somatosensory information

Question 29

Areas 40 and 39

Answer 29

Supramarginal and Angular Gyri of the Inferior Parietal Lobule Perception and interpretation of written language (or music); damage causes alexia Multimodal Association Cortex

Question 30

Brodmann Area 17

Answer 30

Primary Visual (Calcarine Cortex)

Question 31

Brodmann Areas 18 and 19

Answer 31

Higher order vision

Question 32

Brodmann Area 41

Answer 32

Primary Auditory Cortex Top of superior temporal Gyrus in the Transverse Temporal Gyri of Heschl

Question 33

Brodmann Area 42

Answer 33

Higher order auditory

Question 34

Brodmann Area 22

Answer 34

Wernicke's Area Interpretation of spoken language