Exam 1- ch 28 Flashcards
(33 cards)
unicellular eukaryotes that are NOT fungus, plant, or animal is called? when did they evolve?
protist!; 2 billion years ago
decipher between monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic
mono: ancestral species and ALL its descendants (ex: taxon is eq to a clade only if its monophyletic)
para: consists of ancestral species and some but not all descendants
poly: consists of various species that lack common ancestor
protists are a ___ group- not a kingdom! eukaryotes are arranged into ___ supergroups
polypheletic
four
What are the four eukaryote supergroups
excavata, SAR, archaeplastida, unikonta
what are the four protozoa protists? *hint-animal like
amoeba
ciliates
apicomplexans
trypanosomes
what are the six algae protists?
euglenids
diatoms
brown algae
dinoflagellates
red algae
green algae
what are the two slime mold protists?
plasmodial slime molds
cellular slime molds
protists amoeba use ___ for movement and feeding; they are __cellular; most are ___ and actively seek and consume __ and other __
pseudopodia
unicellular
heterotrophic
bacteria and other protists
what environments are amoeba found
soil, freshwater and marine
what do ciliates a protist use for movement and feeding? ciliates have an __ groove, ___ vacuole, and ___
cilia
oral groove, contractile, trichocyst
Ex: PARAMECIUM
what is a trichocyst?
harpoon like thread ejected as defense mechanism or means to capture prey
apicomplexans a protist uses what to penetrate cells? they are animal ___ ; ex is ___ which causes ___
apex
parasites
plasmodium causes malaria (p. falciparum is responsible for 90% malarial deaths) (mosquito is a vector)
what type of protist causes flu like symptoms, usually not problematic in most people unless they’re pregnant or have weakened immune system
apicomplexans
-toxoplasma gondii cause toxoplasmosis (flu like)
what protist has an undulating membrane and uses flagellum
trypanosomes
what causes sleeping sickness, chagas disease, and leishmaniasis; tsetse fly is a vector
trypanosomes
euglenids algae have how many flagella? the ___ reflects light to the __ __ (which signals flagellum to start photosynthesis); has __ vacuole
two flagellum (one long, one short)
eyespot
light detector
contractile
ex: euglena
diatoms algae are __ algae; can be __ or __ shaped; what is special about their wall?
unicellular
pennate (square) or centric (circular)
glass like wall (SiO2)
ex: navicula
what are major components of phytoplankton?
diatom! type of algae
diatoms algae deposits mined as __ __ (abrasives)
diatomaceous earth
what is the largest and most complex type of algae? this is because they include multicellular ___ and giant ___
brown algae
seaweeds and giant kelps
another ex: sargassum
algal seaweeds have plant like structures; what is anagolous to the root, stem, and leaves; some seaweeds also have ___
root= hold fast
stem= stipe
leaves= blades
floats
what is the thickening/ emulsifying agent and the weight loss supplement in brown algae?
thickening= polysaccharide algin
weight loss= pigment fucoxanthin
how many flagella does dinoflagellates algae have? what kind of cell wall?
two! one in the groove and one sticking out; cellulose
marine and freshwater phytoplankton are what kind of algae?
dinoflagellates
