Exam 1 (Ch 7 Vocab, part 1/2)

Question 1

Cultivation of microorganisms

Answer 1

refers to the lab purposefully growing a pathogen for study, identification, or quality control uses

Question 2

When cultivating them, the microorganisms’ needs must be met for what 3 things?

Answer 2

1. Nutrients
2. Atmosphere
3. Temperature

Question 3

If a microorganism is not cultivated correctly, it can interfere with ___ ___ and cause ___ ___ ___.

Answer 3

• proper ID

- negative patient outcome

Question 4

Obligate anaerobe

Answer 4

harmed by O2

Question 5

Capnophilic aerobe

Answer 5

needs both O2 and CO2

Question 6

Capnophilic anaerobe

Answer 6

needs CO2, but is harmed by O2

Question 7

Microaerophilic

Answer 7

• needs decreased amount of O2

- approximately 5%

Question 8

Facultative anaerobe

Answer 8

grows without or without O2

Question 9

Aerotolerant anaerobe

Answer 9

• tolerates O2 (but grows better without it)

Question 10

Inoculation

Answer 10

the act of transferring a specimen to media

Question 11

7 types of media

Answer 11

1. General purpose (nutrient)
2. Selective
3. Differential
4. Enrichment
5. Transport
6. Specialized
7. Combination

Question 12

General purpose/nutrient media

Answer 12

• meets most organisms’ basic nutritional requirements
• non-selective
• not all organisms will grow (special needs)

Question 13

Example of nutrient media

Answer 13

• SBA (sheep blood agar)

- its nutrients includes RBCs

Question 14

Selective media

Answer 14

• selective for desired microbe
• contains inhibitory agents
• can use:
  #chemicals
  #antibiotics
  #dyes
• results vary among different types of media

Question 15

7 examples of selective media

Answer 15

1. CNA (colistin-nalidixic acid)
2. PEA
3. HE
4. CampyBA
5. SSA
6. TM
7. LKV

Question 16

CNA: What is it selective for?

Answer 16

Gram positives

Question 17

PEA: What is it selective for?

Answer 17

Gram positives

Question 18

HE: What is it selective for?

Answer 18

Gram negatives

Question 19

CampyBA: What is it selective for?

Answer 19

Campylobacter species

Question 20

SSA: What is it selective for?

Answer 20

Streptococcus species

Question 21

TM: What is it selective for?

Answer 21

• Neisseria species

- Haemophilus species

Question 22

LKV: What is it selective for?

Answer 22

anaerobes

Question 23

Differential media

Answer 23

• allows growth to be distinguished
• supports desired class of microbes while inhibiting other microbes
• is selective media, with addition of distinguishing growth patterns or appearance

Question 24

6 examples of differential media

Answer 24

1. MAC
2. EMB
3. XLD
4. SS
5. CIN
6. MSA

Question 25

MAC

Answer 25

- MacConkey - contains bile salts and crystal violet - selective for GNR - further differentiates between lactose fermenter (grow pink) and non-fermenter (grow colorless)

Question 26

EMB

Answer 26

differential media for Gram negatives

Question 27

XLD

Answer 27

differential media for Gram negatives

Question 28

SS

Answer 28

- differential media for Gram negatives | - aids in identifying Salmonella and Shigella species

Question 29

CIN

Answer 29

differential media for Yersinia species

Question 30

MSA

Answer 30

- differential media for S. aureus and other Staphylococcus species #growth indicates Staphylococcus species #yellow growth indicates S. aureus - high salt content

Question 31

Enrichment media

Answer 31

- sometimes a broth - non-selective - encourages growth of microbes to enhance specimen - also used to encourage growth of fastidious microbes

Question 32

Fastidious

Answer 32

hard to grow

Question 33

4 examples of enrichment media

Answer 33

1. BHI 2. CHOC 3. GN broth 4. Thio broth

Question 34

BHI

Answer 34

- brain heart infusion | - enrichment media for fungal microbes

Question 35

CHOC

Answer 35

- chocolate agar | - enrichment media that allows all to grow, including many fastidious

Question 36

GN broth

Answer 36

- enrichment media that encourages Salmonella species and Shigella species - also inhibits enteric species (normal flora of GI tract)

Question 37

Thio broth

Answer 37

- thioglycolate broth - enrichment media for all microbes - usually used in addition to plates for most wounds, joints, etc.

Question 38

About using broth as enrichment media

Answer 38

- broth is good environment for things to grow, but takes more time - cannot isolate specimen directly from broth - must transfer it to solid media

Question 39

Transport media

Answer 39

- used to maintain the numbers and viability of microbes - not designed to increase their growth (just maintain it) - often used for: #transport to lab from off-campus site #transport to reference lab

Question 40

Specialized media

Answer 40

- used when previous categories will not allow target microbe to grow - can be needed when NF is so abundant that it must be screened to find pathogen

Question 41

Example of specialized media

Answer 41

- MTM - modified Thayer-Martin - used to grow Neisseria gonorrhoeae