Exam 1 - Chapter 1 - Epithelium

Question 1

What are the four basic types of tissue?

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
muscle

Question 2

What are the 3 general functions of epithelium?

Answer 2

Absorption
secretion
Providing living barrier

Question 3

What are three specialized functions of epithelium?

Answer 3

Transport molecules across epithelium
Prevent transport of materials across epithelium (selective permeability)
Sensory (ex: taste buds, retina in eye).

Question 4

What are 5 basic characteristics that epithelium share?

Answer 4

Cells are adjacent to each other.
Associated with complete or partial basement membrane.
Avascular
Associated with vascular connective tissue.
Cells held together by cells junctions.

Question 5

What are the two parts of a complete basement membrane?

Answer 5

Basal lamina and

Reticular lamina

Question 6

A partial basement membrane has only a ___?

Answer 6

Basal lamina

Question 7

What are four functions of a basement membrane?

Answer 7

Provides a surface for epithelial attachment.
Molecular filter.
Limits stretch - protective.
Directs migration of cells (i.e. during wound healing.)

Question 8

If epithelium is avascular, how do cells obtain nutrition?

Answer 8

By diffusion

Question 9

What are the functions of connective tissue in association with epithelium?

Answer 9

Provide nutrition

Source of defensive cells

Question 10

Cell junction that involves the sharing of intrinsic membrane proteins BETWEEN adjacent cells.

Answer 10

zonula occludens

Question 11

What are two functions of zonula occludens?

Answer 11

Provides strong attachment.

Prevents the passage of materials between cells.

Question 12

What are the linkage proteins between cells in zonula adherens cell junctions?

Answer 12

cadherins

Question 13

What attaches the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane in zonula adherens?

Answer 13

Marginal bands (microfilaments)

Question 14

What two regions are part of the zonula adherens?

Answer 14

Cadherins and marginal bands (microfilaments)

Question 15

What are the two functions of zonula adherens cell junctions?

Answer 15

Strong attachment

Provide cell structural stability

Question 16

What is another name for zonula occludens?

Answer 16

Tight junctions

Question 17

What is another name for macula adherens?

Answer 17

desmosome

Question 18

What is the function of macula adherens?

Answer 18

Provides strong attachment

Question 19

Type of junction that is a disc shaped structure at the surface of one cell that are matched with identical structure at an adjacent cell surface.

Answer 19

Macula adherens (desmosome)

Question 20

This type of cell junctions has connexins (proteins) arranged in a cylinder.

Answer 20

Gap junction

Question 21

How many connexins in a gap junction are arranged in a cylinder?

Answer 21

six

Question 22

A _______ = one complete structure in a gap junction.

Answer 22

connexon

Question 23

The size of the openings in a gap junction can be controlled by what?

Answer 23

By the cell

Question 24

What are the two functions of the gap junction?

Answer 24

Strong attachment

Allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another.

Question 25

Junctional complex = 3 junctions in the following order beginning with the free cell surface:

Answer 25

Zona occludens Zona adherens Macula adherens

Question 26

What are junctions that hold the epithelium to the basement membrane and the connective tissue below?

Answer 26

hemidesmosomes and | Focal point contacts

Question 27

Help to connect epithelial to basal lamina.

Answer 27

hemidesmosome

Question 28

Interim binds to structural CT glycoprotein and also connects to cytoskeleton.

Answer 28

Focal point contacts

Question 29

What is a transmembrane protein of the cell membrane called?

Answer 29

integrin

Question 30

An autoimmune skin disease causing large blistering lesions that burst, but do heal. (Usually fatal)

Answer 30

Bullous Pemphigoid

Question 31

The cause of this disease is that antibodies bind to some proteins in hemidesmosomes.

Answer 31

Bullous pemphigoid

Question 32

An autoimmune skin disease causing skin blistering that do not heal easily; excessive bleeding likely. Can be fatal.

Answer 32

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 33

Cause of this disease is antibodies bind to some parts of desmosomes.

Answer 33

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 34

Acute bacterial infection of the small intestines.

Answer 34

cholera

Question 35

Cause of this disease: toxins disrupt proteins in zonula occludens with permits the loss of water and electrolytes from the CT below the epithelium.

Answer 35

cholera

Question 36

Epithelium that is a single cell thick is called?

Answer 36

Simple epithelium

Question 37

Functions of simple squamous epithelium.

Answer 37

Living filter | Provide barrier

Question 38

Example locations of simple squamous epithelium (3)

Answer 38

Lung, parietal layer of the Bowman's capsule in the kidney, serosa on the outside of organs

Question 39

Functions of simple cuboidal epithelium.

Answer 39

Absorption secretion Provide a barrier

Question 40

A single layer of cube shaped cells.

Answer 40

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 41

Example locations for simple cuboidal epithelium.

Answer 41

exocrine ducts, Thyroid follicular cells, Kidney tubules

Question 42

What is different about the nucleus of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 42

Nucleus occupies much of the cell cytoplasm.

Question 43

A single layer of cells that have height.

Answer 43

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 44

Three functions of simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 44

Absorption secretion Provide a barrier

Question 45

What is polarization in simple columnar?

Answer 45

Nucleus is all at same level, usually at bottom toward BM, all doing same fxn and more active at the bottom.

Question 46

What is another name for ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 46

Respiratory epithelium

Question 47

What are example locations for respiratory epithelium?

Answer 47

Trachea, Respiratory region of nasal cavity bronchii

Question 48

This epithelium has three cell types of various heights and can have the appearance of stratified epithelium.

Answer 48

Respiratory epithelium | Aka ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Question 49

What are the three types of cells in respiratory epithelium?

Answer 49

Goblet cells ciliated columnar cells Basal cells

Question 50

What is the function of a goblet cell?

Answer 50

To produce mucus

Question 51

What are ciliated columnar cells?

Answer 51

Columnar cells that contain Celia.

Question 52

Cilia are anchored in the ______ of the cell.

Answer 52

apex

Question 53

Celia are anchored in the apex of the cell by what?

Answer 53

Basal bodies

Question 54

What is the function of the ciliated columnar cells?

Answer 54

To move mucus over the surface.

Question 55

Short pyramidal cells in respiratory epithelium that do not reach the surface.

Answer 55

Basal cells

Question 56

What is the function of basal cells in respiratory epithelium?

Answer 56

To be the stem cell for this type of epithelium (can divide and change into another cell type)

Question 57

What are four types of surface specializations?

Answer 57

microvilli stereocilia Celia glycocalyx

Question 58

Finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells.

Answer 58

microvilli

Question 59

What are two other names for microvilli?

Answer 59

Brush border | Striated border

Question 60

What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 60

To increase surface area so as to increase absorption.

Question 61

What are some example locations of microvilli?

Answer 61

Kidney tubule cells | Small intestines

Question 62

Extremely long microvilli, usually fewer present than in microvilli.

Answer 62

stereocilia

Question 63

Are steriocilia related to true cilia?

Answer 63

NO

Question 64

What is the function of stereocilia?

Answer 64

To increase surface area

Question 65

What are example locations of stereocilia?

Answer 65

epididymis, | Cochlear hair cells

Question 66

Thin apical hair-like extensions of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 66

cilia

Question 67

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 67

To move something over a surface.

Question 68

What are some example locations for cilia?

Answer 68

Trachea, | oviduct

Question 69

Cells with cilia have many ____?

Answer 69

mitochondria

Question 70

In cells with cilia, basal bodies block free surfaces so there is NO _____ or _____?

Answer 70

Absorption | secretion

Question 71

Surface layer of glycoprotein and carbohydrates that covers some epithelium.

Answer 71

glycocalyx

Question 72

Glycocalyx is produced by what?

Answer 72

Epithelial cells

Question 73

What is the function of glycocalyx?

Answer 73

Protection | Cell recognition

Question 74

What are some other possible functions of glycocalyx?

Answer 74

Cell adhesion | Hold enzymes

Question 75

What are example locations of glycocalyx?

Answer 75

Stomach and small intestines