Exam 1 - Chapters 1-3

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of form

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

study of function

Question 3

Levels of biological organization

Answer 3

1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Macromolecule
4. Organelle
5. Cell
6. Tissue
7. Organ
8. Organ system
9. Organism

Question 4

3 principles of cell theory

Answer 4

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. All cells are produced from other cells.

Question 5

Anabolic

Answer 5

a building reaction when we build new cells and tissues
(Ex. Body being in a starved state)

Question 6

Catabolic

Answer 6

How we break down reactions and release energy and use it to move and grow all cellular activity.
(Ex. Your body after a calorie heavy meal)

Question 7

Afference

Answer 7

Response to stimuli
(Your senses)

Question 8

Efference

Answer 8

Cellular movement
(Ex. Muscle contracting)

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

Question 10

Which type of feedback is more common in maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 10

Negative feedback

Question 11

Example of Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 11

Blood pressure, Maintaining body temperature

Question 12

Example of Positive Feedback Loop

Answer 12

Blood clotting, giving birth

Question 13

Hypertrophy

Answer 13

when individual cells get larger

Question 14

Hyperplasia

Answer 14

when the number of cells increase

Question 15

Four main catergories of macromolecles

Answer 15

1. Nucleic Acids
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Carbohydrates

Question 16

Concentration gradient

Answer 16

When chemicals flow Down

Question 17

What determines the atomic number of an element?

Answer 17

Protons

Question 18

How do you find mass number

Answer 18

Number of electrons

Question 19

4 forces/bonds that atoms and molecules can exhibit

Answer 19

1. Van der Waals force
2. Hydrogen bond
3. Ionic bond
4. Covalent bond

Question 20

What are positively charged ions called?

Answer 20

Cation

Question 21

Negatively charged ions called?

Answer 21

Anion

Question 22

What differs in an isotope

Answer 22

Number of neutrons

Question 23

Does the atomic number change in isotopes?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What bond does water form

Answer 24

It forms hydrogen and covalent bonds

Question 25

What can water dissolve

Answer 25

It can dissolve solutes

Question 26

adhesion

Answer 26

When water molecules are attracted to foreign surfaces and cling to those surfaces

Question 27

Cohesion

Answer 27

water molecule to water molecule attraction

Question 28

Less than 7 pH

Answer 28

acidic

Question 29

More than 7 pH

Answer 29

basic

Question 30

dehydration synthesis

Answer 30

taking out the water to dehydrate and synthesize to make a larger molecule

Question 31

Hydrolysis

Answer 31

Adding water so we can split a larger molecule apart into smaller molecules

Question 32

Do lipids dissolve in water?

Answer 32

Hydrophobic, don't dissolve well in water, has lots of C, H; Few O

Question 33

Polysaccharide

Answer 33

many glucose are put together they form glycogen or starch

Question 34

What 3 elements are lipids made of?

Answer 34

1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen

Question 35

what are the storage form of lipids called, and what makes them up?

Answer 35

Triglyceride and Saturated and Unsaturated fats

Question 36

3 Functions of lipids

Answer 36

1. secondary energy source 2. formation of communications molecules - steroids and prostaglandins 3. structural component like phospholipids we find in the plasma membrane.

Question 37

amphipathic and what molecule is a amphipathic

Answer 37

Phospholipid Amphipathic - being both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 38

what do amino acids form

Answer 38

Proteins

Question 39

What drives passive transport in cell membranes?

Answer 39

Concentration gradients

Question 40

Passive transport

Answer 40

Doesn't use energy

Question 41

Active transport

Answer 41

Uses carrier protein, includes pumps, goes against gradient

Question 42

How many ions are pumped in the sodium-potassium pump

Answer 42

3 sodium outside cell and 2 potassium inside cell

Question 43

which component of the cytoskeleton functions to transport cargo throughout the cell, much like a highway?

Answer 43

Microtubules

Question 44

Organelle directly attached to the nuclear membrane

Answer 44

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

Smooth Er

Answer 45

produces steroids and detoxes

Question 46

Rough ER

Answer 46

protein production

Question 47

synthesizes proteins need to travel in order to be modified for exocytosis

Answer 47

Golgi apparatus

Question 48

what do microfilaments do, what is the most common microfilament

Answer 48

a. movement of membranes b. Micovilli